feat(machine): record failed dispenses and per-cassette tracking

Failed dispenses (sats debited, cash not dispensed) were invisible —
transactions only recorded on 'complete'. Now records on 'dispenseError'
with status ('dispense_error'|'partial'|'complete'), error message, and
per-cassette detail.

Also fixes a bug in both HAL services where dispense results were mapped
by amounts-array index instead of cassette position, causing swapped
denomination counts when cassette order differs from request order.

Schema v3→v4: adds status/error columns to transactions, new
cassette_bills table for per-cassette provisioned/dispensed/rejected.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

CLAUDE.md

@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ alice-pay <invoice>
 For advanced testing with multiple Lightning implementations, use the regtest environment at `~/dev/local/docker/regtest`. This provides:
 
 | Service            | Description                                                    |
-| ----------------- | ------------------------------------- |
+| ------------------ | -------------------------------------------------------------- |
 | 4 LND nodes        | lnd-1 (hub), lnd-2 (Boltz), lnd-3 (LNbits), lnd-4 (standalone) |
 | 3 CLN nodes        | Core Lightning with REST/gRPC                                  |
 | 1 Eclair node      | ACINQ Eclair implementation                                    |
@@ -289,13 +289,26 @@ Drivers are ported from `lamassu-machine/lib/`:
 | ---------- | ------------------------------------------------------------ |
 | Validators | id003, ccnet, cashflow_sc, bnr_advance, genmega, hcm2, gsr50 |
 | Dispensers | puloon, f56, genmega, hcm2, gsr50                            |
+| Recyclers  | MEI SCR (planned — hardware exists in BATM3, no driver yet)  |
 | Printers   | nippon, zebra, genmega                                       |
 
+### BATM3 Hardware Topology
+
+The GeneralBytes BATM3 has two separate cash-handling units:
+
+| Unit              | Hardware   | Role                               | Cassettes                            |
+| ----------------- | ---------- | ---------------------------------- | ------------------------------------ |
+| MEI Cash Recycler | MEI SCR    | Cash-in (accept bills) + recycling | 2 recycler (60 each) + cashbox (600) |
+| F56 Dispenser     | Puloon F56 | Cash-out (dispense only)           | 2 dispenser cassettes                |
+
+**Current status**: MEI used as validator-only (`cashflowSc` driver), F56 for dispensing.
+The MEI's recycler cassettes are untapped — accepted bills go to cashbox, not recycled.
+
 When porting:
 
 1. Read JS driver thoroughly
 2. Document protocol from JS code
-3. Implement Rust version
+3. Implement TypeScript version
 4. Test against same hardware
 5. Use `/hal-check port <driver>` to validate
 

apps/machine/electron/hal-service.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,14 @@ export interface DispenseResult {
   bills: { denomination: number; dispensed: number; rejected: number }[]
   dispensed: boolean
   error?: string
+  cassettes?: {
+    name: string
+    position: number
+    denomination: number
+    provisioned: number
+    dispensed: number
+    rejected: number
+  }[]
 }
 
 export interface HalInstance {
@@ -175,26 +183,37 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
 
       const result = await dispenser.dispense(notes)
 
-      // Update inventory
+      // Build per-cassette results (position-aware, matches result.value ordering)
-      for (let i = 0; i < result.value.length; i++) {
+      const cassetteResults = cassetteDenominations.map((denom, i) => ({
-        const denom = cassetteDenominations[i]
+        name: `cassette${i + 1}`,
-        if (denom !== undefined && inventory[denom] !== undefined) {
+        position: i,
-          inventory[denom] -= result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0
+        denomination: denom,
+        provisioned: notes[i] ?? 0,
+        dispensed: result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0,
+        rejected: result.value[i]?.rejected ?? 0,
+      }))
+
+      // Update inventory based on what was ACTUALLY dispensed (per-cassette)
+      for (const c of cassetteResults) {
+        if (c.dispensed > 0 && inventory[c.denomination] !== undefined) {
+          inventory[c.denomination] -= c.dispensed
         }
       }
 
-      // Build per-denomination result
+      // Build per-denomination result (backward compatible, only requested denoms)
-      const bills = amounts.map((a, i) => ({
+      const bills = cassetteResults
-        denomination: a.denomination,
+        .filter((c) => c.provisioned > 0)
-        dispensed: result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0,
+        .map((c) => ({
-        rejected: result.value[i]?.rejected ?? 0,
+          denomination: c.denomination,
+          dispensed: c.dispensed,
+          rejected: c.rejected,
         }))
 
       const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills
@@ -203,7 +222,7 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
     },
 
     getInventory: () => ({ ...inventory }),

apps/machine/electron/preload.ts

@@ -55,9 +55,23 @@ contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
   recordTransaction: (tx: {
     txid: string
     type: 'cash_in' | 'cash_out'
+    status: 'complete' | 'dispense_error' | 'partial'
     fiatCents: number
     sats: number
+    feeSats: number
+    feePercent: number
+    exchangeRate: number
+    currency: string
     bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[]
+    cassettes?: {
+      name: string
+      position: number
+      denomination: number
+      provisioned: number
+      dispensed: number
+      rejected: number
+    }[]
+    error?: string | null
   }) => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:record-transaction', tx),
   emptyCashbox: () => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:empty-cashbox'),
 
@@ -114,9 +128,23 @@ declare global {
       recordTransaction: (tx: {
         txid: string
         type: 'cash_in' | 'cash_out'
+        status: 'complete' | 'dispense_error' | 'partial'
         fiatCents: number
         sats: number
+        feeSats: number
+        feePercent: number
+        exchangeRate: number
+        currency: string
         bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[]
+        cassettes?: {
+          name: string
+          position: number
+          denomination: number
+          provisioned: number
+          dispensed: number
+          rejected: number
+        }[]
+        error?: string | null
       }) => Promise<void>
       emptyCashbox: () => Promise<void>
       // HAL hardware IPC

apps/machine/electron/state-store.ts

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ import fs from 'node:fs'
 
 let db: Database.Database | null = null
 
-const SCHEMA_VERSION = '3'
+const SCHEMA_VERSION = '4'
 
 function getDbPath(): string {
   const prodDir = '/var/lib/lamassu-atm'
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ export function initDatabase(dbPath?: string): void {
       fee_percent REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
       exchange_rate REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
       currency TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'GTQ',
+      status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'complete',
+      error TEXT,
       created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
     );
 
@@ -81,6 +83,17 @@ export function initDatabase(dbPath?: string): void {
       denomination INTEGER NOT NULL,
       count INTEGER NOT NULL
     );
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cassette_bills (
+      id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+      txid TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES transactions(txid),
+      name TEXT NOT NULL,
+      position INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      denomination INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      provisioned INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+      dispensed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+      rejected INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+    );
   `)
 
   // Seed meta + cashbox if first run, or run migrations
@@ -108,6 +121,28 @@ export function initDatabase(dbPath?: string): void {
     `)
     db.prepare('UPDATE meta SET value = ? WHERE key = ?').run('3', 'schema_version')
     console.log('[StateStore] Migrated schema v2 → v3 (added exchange_rate, currency)')
+    existing.value = '3'
+  }
+
+  if (existing && existing.value === '3') {
+    // Migration v3 → v4: add status/error to transactions, cassette_bills table
+    db.exec(`
+      ALTER TABLE transactions ADD COLUMN status TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT 'complete';
+      ALTER TABLE transactions ADD COLUMN error TEXT;
+
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS cassette_bills (
+        id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+        txid TEXT NOT NULL REFERENCES transactions(txid),
+        name TEXT NOT NULL,
+        position INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        denomination INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        provisioned INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        dispensed INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        rejected INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0
+      );
+    `)
+    db.prepare('UPDATE meta SET value = ? WHERE key = ?').run('4', 'schema_version')
+    console.log('[StateStore] Migrated schema v3 → v4 (added status, error, cassette_bills)')
   }
 
   const cashboxRow = db.prepare('SELECT id FROM cashbox WHERE id = 1').get()
@@ -235,6 +270,7 @@ export function emptyCashbox(): void {
 interface TransactionInput {
   txid: string
   type: 'cash_in' | 'cash_out'
+  status: 'complete' | 'dispense_error' | 'partial'
   fiatCents: number
   sats: number
   feeSats: number
@@ -242,6 +278,15 @@ interface TransactionInput {
   exchangeRate: number
   currency: string
   bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[]
+  cassettes?: {
+    name: string
+    position: number
+    denomination: number
+    provisioned: number
+    dispensed: number
+    rejected: number
+  }[]
+  error?: string | null
 }
 
 /**
@@ -251,11 +296,14 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
   if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
 
   const insertTx = db.prepare(
-    'INSERT INTO transactions (txid, type, fiat_cents, sats, fee_sats, fee_percent, exchange_rate, currency, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
+    'INSERT INTO transactions (txid, type, status, error, fiat_cents, sats, fee_sats, fee_percent, exchange_rate, currency, created_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
   )
   const insertBill = db.prepare(
     'INSERT INTO transaction_bills (txid, denomination, count) VALUES (?, ?, ?)'
   )
+  const insertCassetteBill = db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO cassette_bills (txid, name, position, denomination, provisioned, dispensed, rejected) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
+  )
   const updateCassette = db.prepare(
     'UPDATE cassettes SET count = MAX(0, count + ?) WHERE denomination = ?'
   )
@@ -267,6 +315,8 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
     insertTx.run(
       t.txid,
       t.type,
+      t.status,
+      t.error ?? null,
       t.fiatCents,
       t.sats,
       t.feeSats,
@@ -278,12 +328,38 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
 
     for (const bill of t.bills) {
       insertBill.run(t.txid, bill.denomination, bill.count)
+    }
+
+    // Insert per-cassette detail when available
+    if (t.cassettes) {
+      for (const c of t.cassettes) {
+        insertCassetteBill.run(
+          t.txid,
+          c.name,
+          c.position,
+          c.denomination,
+          c.provisioned,
+          c.dispensed,
+          c.rejected
+        )
+      }
+    }
 
     if (t.type === 'cash_out') {
-        // Dispensed bills: decrement cassettes
+      // Decrement cassettes by ACTUALLY dispensed count (not requested)
+      if (t.cassettes) {
+        for (const c of t.cassettes) {
+          if (c.dispensed > 0) {
+            updateCassette.run(-c.dispensed, c.denomination)
+          }
+        }
+      } else {
+        // Fallback: use bill counts (backward compat for mocks without cassette data)
+        for (const bill of t.bills) {
           updateCassette.run(-bill.count, bill.denomination)
         }
       }
+    }
 
     if (t.type === 'cash_in') {
       // Bills inserted by customer go into cashbox
@@ -293,7 +369,7 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
   })
 
   run(tx)
-  console.log('[StateStore] Recorded transaction:', tx.txid, tx.type)
+  console.log('[StateStore] Recorded transaction:', tx.txid, tx.type, `(${tx.status})`)
 }
 
 /**

apps/machine/src/services/hal.ts

@@ -149,26 +149,37 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
 
       const result = await dispenser.dispense(notes)
 
-      // Update inventory based on what was ACTUALLY dispensed
+      // Build per-cassette results (position-aware, matches result.value ordering)
-      for (let i = 0; i < result.value.length; i++) {
+      const cassetteResults = cassetteDenominations.map((denom, i) => ({
-        const denom = cassetteDenominations[i]
+        name: `cassette${i + 1}`,
-        if (denom !== undefined && inventory[denom] !== undefined) {
+        position: i,
-          inventory[denom] -= result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0
+        denomination: denom,
+        provisioned: notes[i] ?? 0,
+        dispensed: result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0,
+        rejected: result.value[i]?.rejected ?? 0,
+      }))
+
+      // Update inventory based on what was ACTUALLY dispensed (per-cassette)
+      for (const c of cassetteResults) {
+        if (c.dispensed > 0 && c.denomination in inventory) {
+          inventory[c.denomination] = (inventory[c.denomination] ?? 0) - c.dispensed
         }
       }
 
-      // Build per-denomination result
+      // Build per-denomination result (backward compatible, only requested denoms)
-      const bills = amounts.map((a, i) => ({
+      const bills = cassetteResults
-        denomination: a.denomination,
+        .filter((c) => c.provisioned > 0)
-        dispensed: result.value[i]?.dispensed ?? 0,
+        .map((c) => ({
-        rejected: result.value[i]?.rejected ?? 0,
+          denomination: c.denomination,
+          dispensed: c.dispensed,
+          rejected: c.rejected,
         }))
 
       const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills (only if bills were dispensed)
@@ -177,7 +188,7 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
     },
 
     getInventory: async () => {

apps/machine/src/stores/atm.ts

@@ -19,6 +19,18 @@ import type { TransactionRecord } from '@/types/state'
 // Check if we're running in Electron
 const isElectron = typeof window !== 'undefined' && window.electronAPI !== undefined
 
+/**
+ * Compute fee in sats from context.
+ * Cash-in: customer gets net (gross - fee). Cash-out: customer pays gross + fee.
+ */
+function computeFeeSats(ctx: ATMContext, isCashIn: boolean): number {
+  const grossSats = ctx.exchangeRate > 0 ? Math.floor((ctx.fiatCents / 100) * ctx.exchangeRate) : 0
+  const feeSats = isCashIn
+    ? grossSats - ctx.satsAmount // cash-in: customer gets net
+    : ctx.satsAmount - grossSats // cash-out: customer pays gross + fee
+  return Math.max(0, feeSats)
+}
+
 /**
  * Load inventory from SQLite via IPC (Electron only).
  * Returns empty object in browser dev mode.
@@ -261,31 +273,67 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         send({ type: 'CASH_DISPENSED' })
       }
 
-      if (currentNested === 'complete' && prevNestedState !== 'complete' && prevSnapshot) {
+      // Record failed cash-out dispenses (sats debited but cash not dispensed)
+      if (currentNested === 'dispenseError' && prevNestedState !== 'dispenseError') {
         const ctx = newSnapshot.context
         if (ctx.txid) {
-          const isCashInTx = typeof state === 'object' && 'cashIn' in state
+          const dr = ctx.dispenseResult
-          const bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[] = isCashInTx
-            ? buildBillsFromInserted(ctx.billsInserted)
-            : ctx.dispenseAmounts
 
-          // Compute fee in sats from context
+          // Determine status from dispense result (if available)
-          const grossSats =
+          let status: 'dispense_error' | 'partial' = 'dispense_error'
-            ctx.exchangeRate > 0 ? Math.floor((ctx.fiatCents / 100) * ctx.exchangeRate) : 0
+          let bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[] = []
-          const feeSats = isCashInTx
+
-            ? grossSats - ctx.satsAmount // cash-in: customer gets net (gross - fee)
+          if (dr) {
-            : ctx.satsAmount - grossSats // cash-out: customer pays gross + fee
+            const totalDispensed = dr.bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
+            if (totalDispensed > 0) status = 'partial'
+            bills = dr.bills
+              .filter((b) => b.dispensed > 0)
+              .map((b) => ({ denomination: b.denomination, count: b.dispensed }))
+          }
 
           persistTransaction({
             txid: ctx.txid,
-            type: isCashInTx ? 'cash_in' : 'cash_out',
+            type: 'cash_out',
+            status,
             fiatCents: ctx.fiatCents,
             sats: ctx.satsAmount,
-            feeSats: Math.max(0, feeSats),
+            feeSats: computeFeeSats(ctx, false),
             feePercent: ctx.feePercent,
             exchangeRate: ctx.exchangeRate,
             currency: ctx.currency,
             bills,
+            cassettes: dr?.cassettes,
+            error: dr?.error ?? ctx.error,
+          })
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (currentNested === 'complete' && prevNestedState !== 'complete' && prevSnapshot) {
+        const ctx = newSnapshot.context
+        if (ctx.txid) {
+          const isCashInTx = typeof state === 'object' && 'cashIn' in state
+          const dr = ctx.dispenseResult
+
+          // For cash-out with dispense results, use actual dispensed counts
+          const bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[] = isCashInTx
+            ? buildBillsFromInserted(ctx.billsInserted)
+            : dr
+              ? dr.bills.map((b) => ({ denomination: b.denomination, count: b.dispensed }))
+              : ctx.dispenseAmounts
+
+          persistTransaction({
+            txid: ctx.txid,
+            type: isCashInTx ? 'cash_in' : 'cash_out',
+            status: 'complete',
+            fiatCents: ctx.fiatCents,
+            sats: ctx.satsAmount,
+            feeSats: computeFeeSats(ctx, isCashInTx),
+            feePercent: ctx.feePercent,
+            exchangeRate: ctx.exchangeRate,
+            currency: ctx.currency,
+            bills,
+            cassettes: dr?.cassettes,
+            error: dr?.error,
           })
         }
       }

apps/machine/src/types/electron.d.ts

@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ declare global {
       recordTransaction: (tx: {
         txid: string
         type: 'cash_in' | 'cash_out'
+        status: 'complete' | 'dispense_error' | 'partial'
         fiatCents: number
         sats: number
         feeSats: number
@@ -45,6 +46,15 @@ declare global {
         exchangeRate: number
         currency: string
         bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[]
+        cassettes?: {
+          name: string
+          position: number
+          denomination: number
+          provisioned: number
+          dispensed: number
+          rejected: number
+        }[]
+        error?: string | null
       }) => Promise<void>
       emptyCashbox: () => Promise<void>
       // HAL hardware IPC

apps/machine/src/types/state.ts

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ export interface CashboxState {
 export interface TransactionRecord {
   txid: string
   type: 'cash_in' | 'cash_out'
+  status: 'complete' | 'dispense_error' | 'partial'
   fiatCents: number
   sats: number
   feeSats: number
@@ -23,6 +24,15 @@ export interface TransactionRecord {
   exchangeRate: number
   currency: string
   bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[]
+  cassettes?: {
+    name: string
+    position: number
+    denomination: number
+    provisioned: number
+    dispensed: number
+    rejected: number
+  }[]
+  error?: string | null
 }
 
 export interface ATMAvailability {

packages/state-machine/src/index.ts

@@ -51,6 +51,7 @@ export {
   type PaymentStatus,
   type PaymentMethod,
   type DispenseCashResult,
+  type CassetteBillResult,
   initialContext,
 } from './types.js'
 

packages/state-machine/src/types.ts

@@ -5,14 +5,32 @@
 /** Payment status */
 export type PaymentStatus = 'pending' | 'paid' | 'failed' | null
 
+/** Per-cassette dispense result (position-aware) */
+export interface CassetteBillResult {
+  /** Cassette name, e.g. "cassette1", "cassette2" */
+  name: string
+  /** 0-indexed physical position */
+  position: number
+  /** Bill denomination in this cassette */
+  denomination: number
+  /** Bills requested from this cassette */
+  provisioned: number
+  /** Bills actually dispensed */
+  dispensed: number
+  /** Bills rejected/jammed */
+  rejected: number
+}
+
 /** Result of a dispense operation (always resolves, never throws) */
 export interface DispenseCashResult {
-  /** Per-cassette results (what was actually dispensed) */
+  /** Per-denomination results (what was actually dispensed) */
   bills: { denomination: number; dispensed: number; rejected: number }[]
   /** Whether the full requested amount was dispensed */
   dispensed: boolean
   /** Error message if dispense failed or was partial */
   error?: string
+  /** Per-cassette detail (position-aware, produced by HAL) */
+  cassettes?: CassetteBillResult[]
 }
 
 /** Payment methods supported */