feat(machine): value-confirmed dispense, cash-out hold, fault screens, counts-uncertain on zero-with-error (ADR-005 §3–§5)

HAL glue (electron/hal-service.ts and the renderer-side services/hal.ts):
dispenseConfirmed is Σ(denomination × dispensed) === Σ(denomination ×
requested), computed on value. The driver's tagged error is carried
through as errorCode / rawCode / errorClass / human; pre-dispense
inventory refusals are errorClass 'inventory' so they route to outOfCash
rather than the fault screen. The manual-dispense command result keeps
its wire key `dispensed` (spirekeeper's poller reads it) and gains the
new fields alongside.

Cash-out hold: state-store persists it in meta as one JSON value beside
countsUncertainSince, idempotent on set (the first fault's `since` is
kept); IPC get/set/clear through preload. The store persists the hold the
moment the machine sets it and restores it into the machine on boot. A
recount clears it in the store (same gesture that clears counts-
uncertain); operator-config also honours a new resume_cash_out op — not a
cassette op, split off before applyOperatorCassetteOps, and honoured only
when stamped after the hold began so a re-delivered old resume cannot
clear a fresh fault. Either release calls back into the store, which
sends CASH_OUT_RELEASED. The cassettes-state document carries
cash_out_held_since / _reason / _code (additive, like
counts_uncertain_since); the availability beacon reports cash_out false
while held; the idle Sell button is disabled with the reason.

Store watcher: dispenseFault and outOfCash both record dispense_error /
partial (the customer has paid either way). A report of zero dispensed
WITH a hardware error now sets countsUncertainSince instead of being
trusted as zero — a note stopped in the transport completes neither
counter (sintra 2026-10-09: bay read 66, held 65, one in the transport).

Fault screen: both terminal states show "your payment went through",
amount paid, per-denomination dispensed, the txid as QR and text, the
payment hash (threaded from the settlement watch through PAYMENT_RECEIVED)
and the time, with "keep this reference" and an acknowledge button. The
raw dispenser code is not shown; it travels in the report.

apps/machine/electron/hal-service.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
  * so it's available at runtime (unlike src/ which is only for Vite).
  */
 
-import type { BillValidator, BillDispenser } from '@bitSpire/hal'
+import type { BillValidator, BillDispenser, DispenseErrorClass } from '@bitSpire/hal'
+import { isDispenseError } from '@bitSpire/hal'
 
 export interface CassetteConfig {
   /**
@@ -48,8 +49,20 @@ export interface ValidatorCallbacks {
 
 export interface DispenseResult {
   bills: { denomination: number; dispensed: number; rejected: number }[]
-  dispensed: boolean
+  /**
+   * Σ(denomination × dispensed) === Σ(denomination × requested). Computed
+   * here on VALUE (ADR-005 §3) — never a driver boolean. Only this routes
+   * the state machine to `complete`.
+   */
+  dispenseConfirmed: boolean
+  /** Human message when not confirmed */
   error?: string
+  /** The error's NAME — 'F56DispenseError', 'InsufficientInventory', … */
+  errorCode?: string
+  /** Driver-native code, e.g. '78 42' */
+  rawCode?: string
+  /** terminal | recoverable | inventory — see @bitSpire/hal error-codes */
+  errorClass?: DispenseErrorClass
   cassettes?: {
     name: string
     position: number
@@ -277,6 +290,8 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
           notes[i] = (notes[i] ?? 0) + take
           remaining -= take
         }
+        // Nothing has been asked of the hardware in either refusal below:
+        // errorClass 'inventory' routes to outOfCash, not the fault screen.
         if (!matched) {
           return {
             bills: amounts.map((a) => ({
@@ -284,8 +299,10 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `No cassette loaded with denomination: ${denomination}`,
+            errorCode: 'NoCassetteForDenomination',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
         if (remaining > 0) {
@@ -295,8 +312,10 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `Insufficient inventory for denomination ${denomination}: short ${remaining}`,
+            errorCode: 'InsufficientInventory',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
       }
@@ -344,11 +363,44 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
       }
       const bills = Array.from(billsByDenom.values())
 
-      const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
+      // ADR-005 §3: confirmation is VALUE equality — what left the bays is
+      // worth exactly what was asked — not a count, and not the driver's
+      // opinion. lamassu computed the same thing (`tx.fiat.eq(Σ denomination
+      // × dispensed)`); our previous count-based check was only equivalent
+      // while every bay dispensed its own denomination.
+      const requestedValue = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.denomination * a.count, 0)
+      const dispensedValue = cassetteResults.reduce((s, c) => s + c.denomination * c.dispensed, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
+      const dispenseConfirmed = requestedValue === dispensedValue
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        const e = result.error
+        const info = isDispenseError(e)
+          ? { errorCode: e.errorCode, rawCode: e.rawCode, errorClass: e.errorClass, human: e.human }
+          : {
+              // Unreachable by type (drivers always tag), kept as a defensive
+              // fallback for a driver that slips an untagged Error through.
+              errorCode: (e as Error).name || 'DispenseError',
+              rawCode: undefined,
+              errorClass: 'terminal' as const,
+              human: (e as Error).message,
+            }
+        console.error(
+          `[HAL] Dispense error ${info.errorCode}${info.rawCode ? ` ${info.rawCode}` : ''} (${info.errorClass}): ${info.human} — requested ${requestedValue}, dispensed ${dispensedValue}`
+        )
+        // A dispensed value of zero WITH an error is not evidence that nothing
+        // left the bay — a note stopped in the transport completes neither
+        // counter (sintra, 2026-10-09). The store reads this combination and
+        // flags counts unverified; we just report faithfully here.
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: info.human,
+          errorCode: info.errorCode,
+          rawCode: info.rawCode,
+          errorClass: info.errorClass,
+        }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills
@@ -357,7 +409,20 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      if (!dispenseConfirmed) {
+        // Short with no hardware error — the dispenser simply gave less.
+        console.warn(`[HAL] Dispense short with no error: requested ${requestedValue}, dispensed ${dispensedValue}`)
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: `Dispensed ${dispensedValue} of ${requestedValue} with no dispenser error`,
+          errorCode: 'DispenseShort',
+          errorClass: 'inventory',
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispenseConfirmed: true }
     },
 
     /**

apps/machine/electron/main.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,10 @@ import {
   getCountsUncertainSince,
   getLastStatePublishedAt,
   markCountsUncertain,
+  getCashOutHold,
+  setCashOutHold,
+  clearCashOutHold,
+  type CashOutHold,
   markStatePublished,
   resetStatePublishWatermark,
   resetForRepair,
@@ -565,6 +569,15 @@ ipcMain.handle('state:get-counts-uncertain-since', (): number | null => getCount
 ipcMain.handle('state:mark-counts-uncertain', (_event, unixTimestamp: number): void => {
   markCountsUncertain(unixTimestamp)
 })
+// Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+ipcMain.handle('state:get-cash-out-hold', (): CashOutHold | null => getCashOutHold())
+ipcMain.handle('state:set-cash-out-hold', (_event, hold: CashOutHold): CashOutHold => {
+  if (!hold || typeof hold.reason !== 'string' || typeof hold.since !== 'number') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid cash-out hold')
+  }
+  return setCashOutHold(hold)
+})
+ipcMain.handle('state:clear-cash-out-hold', (): boolean => clearCashOutHold())
 ipcMain.handle('state:mark-state-published', (_event, unixTimestamp: number): void => {
   markStatePublished(unixTimestamp)
 })
@@ -841,7 +854,7 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
         recordTransaction({
           txid,
           type: 'manual_dispense',
-          status: result.dispensed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
+          status: result.dispenseConfirmed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
           fiatCents: totalFiatCents,
           sats: 0,
           feeSats: 0,
@@ -860,7 +873,7 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
 
         // Only remediate the original tx if ALL requested bills were dispensed
         let refRemediated = false
-        if (parsed.ref_txid && result.dispensed) {
+        if (parsed.ref_txid && result.dispenseConfirmed) {
           refRemediated = remediateTransaction(parsed.ref_txid, txid)
         }
 
@@ -868,7 +881,13 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
           cmd.id,
           JSON.stringify({
             txid,
-            dispensed: result.dispensed,
+            // Wire key kept as `dispensed` — spirekeeper's command poller
+            // reads it. Value is the ADR-005 value-equality confirmation.
+            dispensed: result.dispenseConfirmed,
+            dispense_confirmed: result.dispenseConfirmed,
+            error_code: result.errorCode,
+            raw_code: result.rawCode,
+            error_class: result.errorClass,
             ref_remediated: refRemediated,
             error: result.error,
           })

apps/machine/electron/preload.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,14 @@
 
 import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron'
 
+/** Mirrors state-store.CashOutHold (ADR-005 §5) — preload can't import main-process modules. */
+interface CashOutHold {
+  reason: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  rawCode: string | null
+  since: number
+}
+
 /**
  * Runtime configuration interface (public info only)
  * These values are read from environment variables at runtime (not build time)
@@ -114,6 +122,11 @@ contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:get-counts-uncertain-since'),
   markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number): Promise<void> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:mark-counts-uncertain', unixTimestamp),
+  // Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+  getCashOutHold: (): Promise<CashOutHold | null> => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:get-cash-out-hold'),
+  setCashOutHold: (hold: CashOutHold): Promise<CashOutHold> =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke('state:set-cash-out-hold', hold),
+  clearCashOutHold: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:clear-cash-out-hold'),
   markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number): Promise<void> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:mark-state-published', unixTimestamp),
 
@@ -307,6 +320,9 @@ declare global {
       getLastStatePublishedAt: () => Promise<number | null>
       getCountsUncertainSince: () => Promise<number | null>
       markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
+      getCashOutHold: () => Promise<CashOutHold | null>
+      setCashOutHold: (hold: CashOutHold) => Promise<CashOutHold>
+      clearCashOutHold: () => Promise<boolean>
       markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
       saveBunkerBinding: (binding: BunkerBindingRecord) => Promise<void>
       clearBunkerBinding: () => Promise<void>

apps/machine/electron/state-store.ts

@@ -517,6 +517,69 @@ export function clearCountsUncertain(): void {
   ).run('countsUncertainSince', '')
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// A terminal dispenser fault latches cash-out off. The latch is machine
+// health, so it lives in `meta` (one JSON value) and survives restarts; the
+// renderer restores it into the state machine on boot and the operator
+// releases it with a `recount` or `resume_cash_out` op. Re-initialising the
+// dispenser never clears it — re-init does not move a stuck note.
+
+export interface CashOutHold {
+  reason: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  rawCode: string | null
+  /** unix seconds of the FIRST fault — kept across repeat faults */
+  since: number
+}
+
+export function getCashOutHold(): CashOutHold | null {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const row = db.prepare('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = ?').get('cashOutHeld') as
+    | { value: string }
+    | undefined
+  if (!row || row.value === '') return null
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.value) as Partial<CashOutHold>
+    if (typeof parsed.since !== 'number' || typeof parsed.reason !== 'string') return null
+    return {
+      reason: parsed.reason,
+      errorCode: typeof parsed.errorCode === 'string' ? parsed.errorCode : null,
+      rawCode: typeof parsed.rawCode === 'string' ? parsed.rawCode : null,
+      since: parsed.since,
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+/** Latch cash-out off. Idempotent: an existing hold (and its `since`) is kept. */
+export function setCashOutHold(hold: CashOutHold): CashOutHold {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const existing = getCashOutHold()
+  if (existing) return existing
+  db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO meta (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value'
+  ).run('cashOutHeld', JSON.stringify(hold))
+  console.warn(
+    `[StateStore] Cash-out HELD: ${hold.errorCode ?? 'fault'}${hold.rawCode ? ` ${hold.rawCode}` : ''} — ${hold.reason}`
+  )
+  return hold
+}
+
+/** Release the latch — an operator has cleared the machine. */
+export function clearCashOutHold(): boolean {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const had = getCashOutHold() !== null
+  db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO meta (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value'
+  ).run('cashOutHeld', '')
+  if (had) console.log('[StateStore] Cash-out hold released')
+  return had
+}
+
 /**
  * A counter bumped on every local change to a bay count, from any cause.
  *
@@ -851,7 +914,12 @@ export function applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops: CassetteOp[]): ApplyOpsResult {
     // A recount is an operator opening the bay and counting it, which is
     // exactly what resolves an unverified count. Nothing else does: a refill
     // adds to a number still known to be wrong.
-    if (sawRecount) upsertMeta.run('countsUncertainSince', '')
+    if (sawRecount) {
+      upsertMeta.run('countsUncertainSince', '')
+      // ADR-005 §5: a recount is an operator at the open machine — the one
+      // gesture that also releases a cash-out hold.
+      upsertMeta.run('cashOutHeld', '')
+    }
   })()
 
   console.log(

apps/machine/src/composables/useAvailabilityBroadcast.ts

@@ -29,8 +29,14 @@ interface UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions {
   signer: Signer
   /** Reactive inventory: denomination -> count */
   inventory: Ref<Record<number, number>>
-  /** Reactive Lightning.Pub balance in sats (null = unknown) */
+  /** Reactive wallet balance in sats (null = unknown) */
   balanceSats: Ref<number | null>
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §5: cash-out is latched off after a terminal dispenser fault.
+   * A machine with full bays and a jammed transport must not advertise
+   * cash-out — that is exactly what sintra did for an hour on 2026-10-09.
+   */
+  cashOutHeld?: Ref<boolean>
   /** Fiat currency code */
   fiatCode: string
   /** Machine model */
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ interface UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions {
 }
 
 export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions) {
-  const { nostrClient, signer, inventory, balanceSats, fiatCode, model } = options
+  const { nostrClient, signer, inventory, balanceSats, cashOutHeld, fiatCode, model } = options
 
   let lastSnapshot: AvailabilitySnapshot | null = null
 
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOption
   function computeSnapshot(): AvailabilitySnapshot {
     const totalBills = Object.values(inventory.value).reduce((s, c) => s + c, 0)
     return {
-      cashOut: totalBills > 0,
+      cashOut: totalBills > 0 && !(cashOutHeld?.value ?? false),
       cashIn: (balanceSats.value ?? 0) > 0,
       cashLevel: computeCashLevel(),
     }
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOption
 
   // Watch reactive sources
   watch(
-    [inventory, balanceSats],
+    cashOutHeld ? [inventory, balanceSats, cashOutHeld] : [inventory, balanceSats],
     () => {
       debouncedPublish()
     },

apps/machine/src/services/hal.ts

@@ -147,8 +147,10 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `No cassette loaded with denomination: ${denomination}`,
+            errorCode: 'NoCassetteForDenomination',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
         notes[idx] = count
@@ -182,11 +184,23 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
           rejected: c.rejected,
         }))
 
-      const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
+      // ADR-005 §3: confirmation on VALUE. Same contract as electron/hal-service.ts.
+      const requestedValue = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.denomination * a.count, 0)
+      const dispensedValue = cassetteResults.reduce((s, c) => s + c.denomination * c.dispensed, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
+      const dispenseConfirmed = requestedValue === dispensedValue
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        const e = result.error
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: e.human ?? e.message,
+          errorCode: e.errorCode ?? e.name,
+          rawCode: e.rawCode,
+          errorClass: e.errorClass ?? 'terminal',
+        }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills (only if bills were dispensed)
@@ -195,7 +209,18 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      if (!dispenseConfirmed) {
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: `Dispensed ${dispensedValue} of ${requestedValue} with no dispenser error`,
+          errorCode: 'DispenseShort',
+          errorClass: 'inventory',
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispenseConfirmed: true }
     },
 
     getInventory: async () => {

apps/machine/src/services/lightning.ts

@@ -742,7 +742,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
     subId: string | null
     /** Preimage seen before a consumer attached; replayed on attach. */
     settled: string | null
-    consumer: ((preimage: string) => void) | null
+    consumer: ((preimage: string, paymentHash: string) => void) | null
     poll: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null
     released: boolean
   }
@@ -765,7 +765,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
     watch.settled = preimage
     stopInvoiceWatchPoll(watch)
     console.log(`[ATM Service] Invoice paid (${via})!`)
-    watch.consumer?.(preimage)
+    watch.consumer?.(preimage, watch.paymentHash)
   }
 
   function startInvoiceWatchPoll(watch: InvoiceWatch): void {
@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
           dispensed: a.count,
           rejected: 0,
         })),
-        dispensed: true,
+        dispenseConfirmed: true,
       }
     },
 
@@ -1206,7 +1206,10 @@ export function createATMServices(
      * Watch a BOLT11 invoice for payment via LNbits subscribe_payments
      * push, filtered by payment_hash. Returns a cleanup function.
      */
-    watchInvoice: (invoice: string, callback: (preimage: string) => void): (() => void) => {
+    watchInvoice: (
+      invoice: string,
+      callback: (preimage: string, paymentHash?: string) => void
+    ): (() => void) => {
       if (!invoice.toLowerCase().startsWith('ln')) {
         console.error('[ATM Service] Invalid invoice format - expected BOLT11')
         return () => {}
@@ -1221,7 +1224,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
         // on a push that has already come and gone.
         if (armed.settled) {
           const preimage = armed.settled
-          queueMicrotask(() => callback(preimage))
+          queueMicrotask(() => callback(preimage, armed.paymentHash))
         }
         return () => releaseInvoiceWatch(invoice)
       }
@@ -1244,7 +1247,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
           const late = invoiceWatches.get(invoice)
           if (!late || cancelled) return
           late.consumer = callback
-          if (late.settled) callback(late.settled)
+          if (late.settled) callback(late.settled, late.paymentHash)
         } catch (e) {
           console.error('[ATM Service] LNbits watchInvoice failed:', e)
         }

apps/machine/src/services/operator-config.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ const KIND_NIP78 = 30078
 /** The wire schema this machine speaks. Operations, not counts (ADR-004). */
 const CASSETTE_SCHEMA_VERSION = 2
 
-/** One operator-authored operation, as it arrives on the wire. */
+/** One operator-authored cassette operation, as it arrives on the wire. */
 type CassetteOp = {
   id: string
   at: number
@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ type CassetteOp = {
   denomination?: number
 }
 
+/**
+ * ADR-005 §5: the operator releases a cash-out hold without touching a bay
+ * count. Rides the same operator event as the cassette ops (same id/at shape)
+ * but is NOT a cassette op: it never reaches `applyOperatorCassetteOps`, which
+ * would reject the type. Honoured only when stamped AFTER the hold began, so
+ * a re-delivered resume from before a fresh fault cannot clear that fault.
+ * A `recount` releases the hold too — it is the same "operator at the open
+ * machine" gesture and already clears counts-uncertain.
+ */
+type ResumeCashOutOp = { id: string; at: number; type: 'resume_cash_out' }
+type OperatorOp = CassetteOp | ResumeCashOutOp
+
 /** Accept operator events stamped up to this many seconds in the future. */
 const MAX_FUTURE_SKEW_S = 60
 
@@ -85,6 +97,12 @@ export interface OperatorConfigServiceConfig {
   operatorPubkeys: string[]
   /** Machine identifier for the d-tag. Defaults to signer.pubkey when omitted. */
   machineId?: string
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §5: called when an operator op (recount, resume_cash_out) has
+   * released a persisted cash-out hold, so the store can lift the state
+   * machine's latch. The store wires this to `CASH_OUT_RELEASED`.
+   */
+  onCashOutHoldReleased?: () => void
 }
 
 export interface OperatorConfigService {
@@ -222,7 +240,28 @@ async function handleOperatorConfigEvent(
     console.error('[OperatorConfig] Payload missing `ops` array — dropped')
     return
   }
-  const ops = parsed.ops as CassetteOp[]
+  const allOps = parsed.ops as OperatorOp[]
+
+  // 4b. ADR-005 §5 — split out resume_cash_out before the cassette apply.
+  //     Release only if a resume is stamped after the hold began; an idempotent
+  //     re-delivery of an older resume must not clear a newer fault.
+  const holdBefore = await api.getCashOutHold()
+  const resumeOps = allOps.filter(
+    (o): o is ResumeCashOutOp => !!o && o.type === 'resume_cash_out'
+  )
+  const ops = allOps.filter((o): o is CassetteOp => !!o && o.type !== 'resume_cash_out')
+  if (holdBefore && resumeOps.some((o) => typeof o.at === 'number' && o.at > holdBefore.since)) {
+    await api.clearCashOutHold()
+    console.log(
+      `[OperatorConfig] Cash-out hold released by operator resume op ` +
+        `(held since ${holdBefore.since}, ${resumeOps.length} resume op(s))`
+    )
+  } else if (resumeOps.length > 0) {
+    console.log(
+      `[OperatorConfig] ${resumeOps.length} resume_cash_out op(s) ignored — ` +
+        (holdBefore ? 'all stamped before the current hold began' : 'no hold in place')
+    )
+  }
 
   // 5. Apply the ones we have not seen, in one transaction with the sequence
   //    bump. No `created_at` watermark: each op carries an operator-minted id
@@ -230,10 +269,19 @@ async function handleOperatorConfigEvent(
   //    no-op on its own merits. The watermark would be strictly weaker and
   //    actively harmful — an event arriving out of order can still carry an
   //    operation this machine has never seen.
-  const result = await api.applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops)
+  const result = ops.length
+    ? await api.applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops)
+    : { applied: [] as string[], rejected: [] as { id: string; reason: string }[] }
   for (const bad of result.rejected) {
     console.warn(`[OperatorConfig] Op ${bad.id} rejected: ${bad.reason}`)
   }
+
+  // A recount (applied in the store, which also clears the hold) or the resume
+  // above may have released the latch: tell the store so the state machine
+  // lifts its guard. The republishes below carry the cleared state up.
+  if (holdBefore && (await api.getCashOutHold()) === null) {
+    cfg.onCashOutHoldReleased?.()
+  }
   if (result.applied.length === 0) {
     console.log(`[OperatorConfig] No new ops in event ${event.id.slice(0, 12)}…`)
     // Still republish: the operator learns from our applied_ops echo that
@@ -318,6 +366,15 @@ async function publishCassettesState(
     applied_ops: appliedOps,
   }
   if (countsUncertainSince) payload.counts_uncertain_since = countsUncertainSince
+  // ADR-005 §5 — additive, same contract as counts_uncertain_since: an old
+  // consumer ignores it. When present, this machine is refusing cash-out
+  // until an operator recount or resume_cash_out op.
+  const hold = await api.getCashOutHold()
+  if (hold) {
+    payload.cash_out_held_since = hold.since
+    payload.cash_out_held_reason = hold.reason
+    payload.cash_out_held_code = hold.rawCode ?? hold.errorCode ?? null
+  }
   const ciphertext = await cfg.signer.nip44Encrypt(operatorPubkey, JSON.stringify(payload))
 
   // Force the stamp strictly above our last one. Addressable events are ordered

apps/machine/src/stores/atm.ts

@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ async function handleManagementCommand(
     await persistTransaction({
       txid,
       type: 'manual_dispense',
-      status: result.dispensed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
+      status: result.dispenseConfirmed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
       fiatCents: totalFiatCents,
       sats: 0,
       feeSats: 0,
@@ -141,7 +141,7 @@ async function handleManagementCommand(
 
     // Only remediate the original tx if ALL requested bills were dispensed
     let refRemediated = false
-    if (request.ref_txid && result.dispensed && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+    if (request.ref_txid && result.dispenseConfirmed && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
       refRemediated = await window.electronAPI.remediateTransaction(request.ref_txid, txid)
       if (refRemediated) {
         console.log('[ATM] Remediated failed tx:', request.ref_txid)
@@ -254,7 +254,7 @@ const mockServices: ATMServices = {
         dispensed: a.count,
         rejected: 0,
       })),
-      dispensed: true,
+      dispenseConfirmed: true,
     }
   },
 
@@ -618,13 +618,31 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         send({ type: 'CASH_DISPENSED' })
       }
 
-      // Record failed cash-out dispenses (sats debited but cash not dispensed)
+      // ADR-005 §5: persist the cash-out hold the moment the machine sets it,
-      if (currentNested === 'dispenseError' && prevNestedState !== 'dispenseError') {
+      // and republish the cassette state so the operator sees it. The hold is
+      // machine health, not transaction state — it must survive a restart.
+      const heldNow = newSnapshot.context.cashOutHeld
+      const heldBefore = prevSnapshot?.context.cashOutHeld ?? null
+      if (heldNow && !heldBefore && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+        void window.electronAPI
+          .setCashOutHold(heldNow)
+          .then(() => operatorConfigSvc?.publishCassettesState())
+          .catch((e) => console.error('[ATM] Could not persist cash-out hold:', e))
+      }
+
+      // Record a cash-out that did not confirm (ADR-005 §3/§4). Both terminal
+      // states mean the customer has PAID and received less than they paid
+      // for — dispenseFault because the dispenser reported an error, outOfCash
+      // because it reported none (an inventory refusal, or simply short).
+      // Either way the row is dispense_error / partial and the server learns
+      // of it; the difference is only the customer screen and the latch.
+      const isDispenseTerminal = currentNested === 'dispenseFault' || currentNested === 'outOfCash'
+      const wasDispenseTerminal = prevNestedState === 'dispenseFault' || prevNestedState === 'outOfCash'
+      if (isDispenseTerminal && !wasDispenseTerminal) {
         const ctx = newSnapshot.context
         if (ctx.txid) {
           const dr = ctx.dispenseResult
 
-          // Determine status from dispense result (if available)
           let status: 'dispense_error' | 'partial' = 'dispense_error'
           let bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[] = []
 
@@ -634,6 +652,23 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
             bills = dr.bills
               .filter((b) => b.dispensed > 0)
               .map((b) => ({ denomination: b.denomination, count: b.dispensed }))
+
+            // ADR-005 §3 — the deviation from both bitSpire-before and lamassu:
+            // a report of ZERO dispensed that arrives WITH a hardware error is
+            // not evidence that nothing left the bay. A note that stops in the
+            // transport path completes neither the dispensed nor the rejected
+            // counter (sintra, 2026-10-09: bay read 66, held 65, one in the
+            // transport). Flag the counts unverified so the next recount is
+            // what resolves them, instead of trusting a zero.
+            if (totalDispensed === 0 && dr.error && dr.errorClass !== 'inventory') {
+              console.error(
+                `[ATM] Dispense reported 0 notes WITH an error (${dr.errorCode ?? 'unknown'}` +
+                  `${dr.rawCode ? ` ${dr.rawCode}` : ''}) — bay counts are unverified (txid=${ctx.txid})`
+              )
+              void window.electronAPI
+                ?.markCountsUncertain(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000))
+                .catch((e) => console.warn('[ATM] Could not flag counts unverified:', e))
+            }
           } else {
             // The dispenser threw, or the dispense timed out, so there is no
             // per-bay report. Bills may well have reached the customer, and
@@ -664,7 +699,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
             error: dr?.error ?? ctx.error,
           })
             .then(() => reloadPersistedInventory())
-            // Republish cassette state — a partial dispense changed counts.
+            // Republish cassette state — a partial dispense changed counts, and
+            // the payload now carries the hold / unverified flags.
             .then(() => operatorConfigSvc?.publishCassettesState())
         }
       }
@@ -742,6 +778,23 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     setupNfcListener()
     setupCassettesChangedListener()
     console.log('[ATM] State machine initialized')
+
+    // ADR-005 §5: a cash-out hold persisted by a previous run gates cash-out
+    // before any dispense — a restart must not quietly put a jammed machine
+    // back in service. Released only by an operator recount / resume op.
+    if (isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+      void window.electronAPI
+        .getCashOutHold()
+        .then((hold) => {
+          if (!hold) return
+          console.warn(
+            `[ATM] Cash-out HELD since ${new Date(hold.since * 1000).toISOString()} ` +
+              `(${hold.errorCode ?? 'fault'}${hold.rawCode ? ` ${hold.rawCode}` : ''}): ${hold.reason}`
+          )
+          send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_HELD', hold })
+        })
+        .catch((e) => console.warn('[ATM] Could not read cash-out hold:', e))
+    }
   }
 
   // ── Bolt Card cash-out (NFC tap-to-pay) ───────────────────────────────────
@@ -1135,6 +1188,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: services.nostrClient,
         signer: services.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: services.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Start operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57) — subscribes
@@ -1461,6 +1515,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: lightning.nostrClient,
         signer: lightning.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: lightning.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57)
@@ -1797,6 +1852,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: lightning.nostrClient,
         signer: lightning.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: lightning.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57)
@@ -1899,6 +1955,11 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_IN' })
   }
 
+  /** Customer dismisses the dispense-fault screen ("I've saved this reference"). */
+  function acknowledgeFault() {
+    send({ type: 'ACKNOWLEDGE_FAULT' })
+  }
+
   function selectCashOut() {
     settlementError.value = null
     send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
@@ -2004,6 +2065,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
       signer,
       inventory: persistedInventory,
       balanceSats,
+      // ADR-005 §5: a latched machine must not advertise cash-out.
+      cashOutHeld: computed(() => snapshot.value?.context.cashOutHeld != null),
       fiatCode: fiatCode.value,
       model,
     })
@@ -2069,6 +2132,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     send,
     selectCashIn,
     selectCashOut,
+    acknowledgeFault,
     cancel,
     insertBill,
     finishInserting,

apps/machine/src/types/electron.d.ts

@@ -150,6 +150,20 @@ declare global {
       /** When the bay counts became unverified (a dispense that reported nothing), or null. */
       getCountsUncertainSince: () => Promise<number | null>
       markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
+      // Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+      getCashOutHold: () => Promise<{
+        reason: string
+        errorCode: string | null
+        rawCode: string | null
+        since: number
+      } | null>
+      setCashOutHold: (hold: {
+        reason: string
+        errorCode: string | null
+        rawCode: string | null
+        since: number
+      }) => Promise<{ reason: string; errorCode: string | null; rawCode: string | null; since: number }>
+      clearCashOutHold: () => Promise<boolean>
       markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
       saveBunkerBinding: (binding: BunkerBindingRecord) => Promise<void>
       clearBunkerBinding: () => Promise<void>

apps/machine/src/views/CashOutView.vue

@@ -63,13 +63,19 @@ watch(
 const nestedState = computed(() => atmStore.nestedState)
 const context = computed(() => atmStore.context)
 
-// Dispense error 30s countdown
+// Terminal-screen countdowns (ADR-005 §4). The machine owns the real timers
+// (DISPENSE_FAULT_TIMEOUT 120 s, DISPENSE_ERROR_TIMEOUT 30 s); this mirrors
+// them for display only.
+const TERMINAL_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = { dispenseFault: 120, outOfCash: 30 }
 const dispenseErrorCountdown = ref(30)
 let countdownTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null
 
 watch(nestedState, (newState, oldState) => {
-  if (newState === 'dispenseError' && oldState !== 'dispenseError') {
+  const entering = typeof newState === 'string' && newState in TERMINAL_SECONDS
-    dispenseErrorCountdown.value = 30
+  const leaving = typeof oldState === 'string' && oldState in TERMINAL_SECONDS
+  if (entering && newState !== oldState) {
+    if (countdownTimer) clearInterval(countdownTimer)
+    dispenseErrorCountdown.value = TERMINAL_SECONDS[newState as string] ?? 30
     countdownTimer = setInterval(() => {
       dispenseErrorCountdown.value--
       if (dispenseErrorCountdown.value <= 0 && countdownTimer) {
@@ -77,12 +83,21 @@ watch(nestedState, (newState, oldState) => {
         countdownTimer = null
       }
     }, 1000)
-  } else if (oldState === 'dispenseError' && countdownTimer) {
+  } else if (leaving && !entering && countdownTimer) {
     clearInterval(countdownTimer)
     countdownTimer = null
   }
 })
 
+function acknowledgeFault() {
+  atmStore.acknowledgeFault()
+}
+
+const faultTime = computed(() => {
+  const t = context.value?.startedAt
+  return t ? new Date(t).toLocaleString() : ''
+})
+
 // Available denominations from inventory
 const availableDenominations = computed(() => {
   if (!context.value?.inventory) return []
@@ -535,63 +550,92 @@ function formatFiat(cents: number): string {
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- Dispense Error (timed, 30s → idle) -->
+        <!-- Dispense fault / could-not-dispense (ADR-005 §4).
+             Both reach here AFTER payment: the customer has paid and received
+             less than they paid for. dispenseFault = the dispenser reported an
+             error (and may have latched cash-out off); outOfCash = it reported
+             none. Either way: evidence on screen, operator notified. The raw
+             dispenser code is deliberately NOT shown — it travels in the report. -->
         <div
-          v-else-if="nestedState === 'dispenseError'"
+          v-else-if="nestedState === 'dispenseFault' || nestedState === 'outOfCash'"
-          key="dispenseError"
+          key="dispenseTerminal"
           class="flex flex-1 flex-col lg:flex-row items-center justify-center gap-6 lg:gap-10 p-4 lg:p-8"
           style="background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--destructive) 8%, var(--background))"
         >
-          <!-- Left side — error details -->
+          <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 lg:gap-5 max-w-xl">
-          <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 lg:gap-5">
             <div class="text-5xl lg:text-[8vh]">⚠️</div>
-            <h3 class="text-2xl lg:text-[3rem] font-bold text-destructive">Dispense Error</h3>
+            <h3 class="text-2xl lg:text-[3rem] font-bold text-destructive">
-            <p class="text-base lg:text-2xl text-muted-foreground">
+              {{ nestedState === 'dispenseFault' ? 'Dispenser fault' : 'Could not dispense' }}
-              {{ context?.error || 'Cash could not be dispensed' }}
+            </h3>
+            <p class="text-base lg:text-2xl text-foreground text-center font-semibold">
+              Your payment went through. The cash below could not be dispensed.
             </p>
 
-            <!-- Partial dispense info -->
+            <div class="w-full rounded-xl bg-background/60 px-4 py-4 lg:px-8 lg:py-6 space-y-2">
-            <div
+              <div class="flex justify-between text-base lg:text-2xl">
-              v-if="context?.dispenseResult?.bills?.length"
+                <span class="text-muted-foreground">You paid</span>
-              class="w-full max-w-md rounded-xl bg-background/60 px-4 py-4 lg:px-8 lg:py-6 space-y-2"
+                <span class="font-semibold"
-            >
+                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ ((context?.fiatCents ?? 0) / 100).toFixed(2) }}
+                  <span class="text-muted-foreground text-sm lg:text-lg"
+                    >({{ (context?.satsAmount ?? 0).toLocaleString() }} sats)</span
+                  ></span
+                >
+              </div>
               <div
-                v-for="bill in context.dispenseResult.bills"
+                v-for="bill in context?.dispenseResult?.bills ?? []"
                 :key="bill.denomination"
                 class="flex justify-between text-base lg:text-2xl"
               >
                 <span class="text-muted-foreground"
-                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ bill.denomination }}</span
+                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ bill.denomination }} notes</span
                 >
                 <span :class="bill.dispensed > 0 ? 'text-success' : 'text-destructive'">
                   {{ bill.dispensed }} dispensed
-                  <span v-if="bill.rejected > 0" class="text-destructive">
-                    ({{ bill.rejected }} rejected)
-                  </span>
                 </span>
               </div>
             </div>
 
-            <p class="text-sm lg:text-lg text-muted-foreground">
+            <p class="text-base lg:text-xl text-foreground text-center">
-              Please contact support with the transaction ID below.
+              The operator has been notified and holds a record of this transaction.
+              <strong>Keep this reference</strong> — photograph it or write it down.
+            </p>
+            <p v-if="context?.error" class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground text-center">
+              Technical detail: {{ context.error }}
             </p>
 
-            <!-- Countdown -->
+            <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-3">
+              <Button
+                v-if="nestedState === 'dispenseFault'"
+                class="bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-500 to-yellow-400 text-black"
+                size="kiosk"
+                @click="acknowledgeFault"
+              >
+                I've saved this
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant="outline" size="kiosk" @click="cancel"> Return to Start </Button>
+            </div>
             <p class="text-sm lg:text-base text-muted-foreground">
               Returning to start in {{ dispenseErrorCountdown }}s
             </p>
-
-            <Button variant="outline" size="kiosk" @click="cancel"> Return to Start </Button>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- Right side — txid QR -->
+          <div v-if="context?.txid" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3">
-          <div v-if="context?.txid" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-4">
+            <QRCode :value="context.txid" :size="260" />
-            <QRCode :value="context.txid" :size="280" />
+            <p class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">Transaction</p>
             <p
-              class="font-mono-code text-sm text-muted-foreground max-w-[300px] text-center break-all"
+              class="font-mono-code text-sm lg:text-base text-foreground max-w-[320px] text-center break-all"
             >
               {{ context.txid }}
             </p>
+            <template v-if="context?.paymentHash">
+              <p class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">Payment hash</p>
+              <p
+                class="font-mono-code text-xs lg:text-sm text-foreground max-w-[320px] text-center break-all"
+              >
+                {{ context.paymentHash }}
+              </p>
+            </template>
+            <p v-if="faultTime" class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">{{ faultTime }}</p>
           </div>
         </div>
 

apps/machine/src/views/IdleView.vue

@@ -121,16 +121,32 @@ function handleCashOut() {
         >
       </button>
 
-      <!-- Sell Bitcoin -->
+      <!-- Sell Bitcoin — disabled while cash-out is held after a terminal
+           dispenser fault (ADR-005 §5). The state machine refuses
+           SELECT_CASH_OUT regardless; this just tells the customer why. -->
       <button
-        class="flex aspect-square w-40 lg:w-[36vh] flex-col items-center justify-center gap-1.5 lg:gap-4 rounded-full border-2 border-success/50 bg-success/10 transition-all active:scale-[0.97]"
+        class="flex aspect-square w-40 lg:w-[36vh] flex-col items-center justify-center gap-1.5 lg:gap-4 rounded-full border-2 transition-all"
+        :class="
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld
+            ? 'border-muted-foreground/30 bg-muted/20 opacity-60 cursor-not-allowed'
+            : 'border-success/50 bg-success/10 active:scale-[0.97]'
+        "
+        :disabled="!!atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld"
         @click="handleCashOut"
       >
-        <span class="text-4xl lg:text-[8vh] leading-none">💵</span>
+        <span class="text-4xl lg:text-[8vh] leading-none">{{
-        <span class="text-base lg:text-[3.5vh] font-bold text-success">Sell Bitcoin</span>
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld ? '🔧' : '💵'
-        <span class="text-[10px] lg:text-[1.8vh] text-foreground/70"
+        }}</span>
-          >Pay invoice, receive cash</span
+        <span
+          class="text-base lg:text-[3.5vh] font-bold"
+          :class="atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld ? 'text-muted-foreground' : 'text-success'"
+          >Sell Bitcoin</span
         >
+        <span class="text-[10px] lg:text-[1.8vh] text-foreground/70 text-center px-3">{{
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld
+            ? 'Temporarily unavailable — operator notified'
+            : 'Pay invoice, receive cash'
+        }}</span>
       </button>
     </div>