apps/machine/electron/hal-service.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@
  * so it's available at runtime (unlike src/ which is only for Vite).
  */
 
-import type { BillValidator, BillDispenser } from '@bitSpire/hal'
+import type { BillValidator, BillDispenser, DispenseErrorClass } from '@bitSpire/hal'
+import { isDispenseError } from '@bitSpire/hal'
 
 export interface CassetteConfig {
   /**
@@ -48,8 +49,20 @@ export interface ValidatorCallbacks {
 
 export interface DispenseResult {
   bills: { denomination: number; dispensed: number; rejected: number }[]
-  dispensed: boolean
+  /**
+   * Σ(denomination × dispensed) === Σ(denomination × requested). Computed
+   * here on VALUE (ADR-005 §3) — never a driver boolean. Only this routes
+   * the state machine to `complete`.
+   */
+  dispenseConfirmed: boolean
+  /** Human message when not confirmed */
   error?: string
+  /** The error's NAME — 'F56DispenseError', 'InsufficientInventory', … */
+  errorCode?: string
+  /** Driver-native code, e.g. '78 42' */
+  rawCode?: string
+  /** terminal | recoverable | inventory — see @bitSpire/hal error-codes */
+  errorClass?: DispenseErrorClass
   cassettes?: {
     name: string
     position: number
@@ -277,6 +290,8 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
           notes[i] = (notes[i] ?? 0) + take
           remaining -= take
         }
+        // Nothing has been asked of the hardware in either refusal below:
+        // errorClass 'inventory' routes to outOfCash, not the fault screen.
         if (!matched) {
           return {
             bills: amounts.map((a) => ({
@@ -284,8 +299,10 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `No cassette loaded with denomination: ${denomination}`,
+            errorCode: 'NoCassetteForDenomination',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
         if (remaining > 0) {
@@ -295,8 +312,10 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `Insufficient inventory for denomination ${denomination}: short ${remaining}`,
+            errorCode: 'InsufficientInventory',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
       }
@@ -344,11 +363,44 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
       }
       const bills = Array.from(billsByDenom.values())
 
-      const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
+      // ADR-005 §3: confirmation is VALUE equality — what left the bays is
+      // worth exactly what was asked — not a count, and not the driver's
+      // opinion. lamassu computed the same thing (`tx.fiat.eq(Σ denomination
+      // × dispensed)`); our previous count-based check was only equivalent
+      // while every bay dispensed its own denomination.
+      const requestedValue = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.denomination * a.count, 0)
+      const dispensedValue = cassetteResults.reduce((s, c) => s + c.denomination * c.dispensed, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
+      const dispenseConfirmed = requestedValue === dispensedValue
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        const e = result.error
+        const info = isDispenseError(e)
+          ? { errorCode: e.errorCode, rawCode: e.rawCode, errorClass: e.errorClass, human: e.human }
+          : {
+              // Unreachable by type (drivers always tag), kept as a defensive
+              // fallback for a driver that slips an untagged Error through.
+              errorCode: (e as Error).name || 'DispenseError',
+              rawCode: undefined,
+              errorClass: 'terminal' as const,
+              human: (e as Error).message,
+            }
+        console.error(
+          `[HAL] Dispense error ${info.errorCode}${info.rawCode ? ` ${info.rawCode}` : ''} (${info.errorClass}): ${info.human} — requested ${requestedValue}, dispensed ${dispensedValue}`
+        )
+        // A dispensed value of zero WITH an error is not evidence that nothing
+        // left the bay — a note stopped in the transport completes neither
+        // counter (sintra, 2026-10-09). The store reads this combination and
+        // flags counts unverified; we just report faithfully here.
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: info.human,
+          errorCode: info.errorCode,
+          rawCode: info.rawCode,
+          errorClass: info.errorClass,
+        }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills
@@ -357,7 +409,20 @@ export async function initializeHal(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalInstance> {
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      if (!dispenseConfirmed) {
+        // Short with no hardware error — the dispenser simply gave less.
+        console.warn(`[HAL] Dispense short with no error: requested ${requestedValue}, dispensed ${dispensedValue}`)
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: `Dispensed ${dispensedValue} of ${requestedValue} with no dispenser error`,
+          errorCode: 'DispenseShort',
+          errorClass: 'inventory',
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispenseConfirmed: true }
     },
 
     /**

apps/machine/electron/main.ts

@@ -27,6 +27,13 @@ import {
   getCountsUncertainSince,
   getLastStatePublishedAt,
   markCountsUncertain,
+  getCashOutHold,
+  setCashOutHold,
+  clearCashOutHold,
+  type CashOutHold,
+  pendingDispenseReports,
+  markDispenseReportAcked,
+  noteDispenseReportAttempt,
   markStatePublished,
   resetStatePublishWatermark,
   resetForRepair,
@@ -565,6 +572,31 @@ ipcMain.handle('state:get-counts-uncertain-since', (): number | null => getCount
 ipcMain.handle('state:mark-counts-uncertain', (_event, unixTimestamp: number): void => {
   markCountsUncertain(unixTimestamp)
 })
+// Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+ipcMain.handle('state:get-cash-out-hold', (): CashOutHold | null => getCashOutHold())
+ipcMain.handle('state:set-cash-out-hold', (_event, hold: CashOutHold): CashOutHold => {
+  if (!hold || typeof hold.reason !== 'string' || typeof hold.since !== 'number') {
+    throw new Error('Invalid cash-out hold')
+  }
+  return setCashOutHold(hold)
+})
+ipcMain.handle('state:clear-cash-out-hold', (): boolean => clearCashOutHold())
+
+// Dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2) — at-least-once to spirekeeper
+ipcMain.handle('state:pending-dispense-reports', (_event, limit?: number) =>
+  pendingDispenseReports(typeof limit === 'number' ? limit : 20)
+)
+ipcMain.handle('state:ack-dispense-report', (_event, txid: string): boolean => {
+  if (typeof txid !== 'string' || !txid) throw new Error('Invalid txid')
+  return markDispenseReportAcked(txid)
+})
+ipcMain.handle(
+  'state:note-dispense-report-attempt',
+  (_event, txid: string, error: string | null): void => {
+    if (typeof txid !== 'string' || !txid) throw new Error('Invalid txid')
+    noteDispenseReportAttempt(txid, typeof error === 'string' ? error.slice(0, 512) : null)
+  }
+)
 ipcMain.handle('state:mark-state-published', (_event, unixTimestamp: number): void => {
   markStatePublished(unixTimestamp)
 })
@@ -841,7 +873,7 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
         recordTransaction({
           txid,
           type: 'manual_dispense',
-          status: result.dispensed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
+          status: result.dispenseConfirmed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
           fiatCents: totalFiatCents,
           sats: 0,
           feeSats: 0,
@@ -860,7 +892,7 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
 
         // Only remediate the original tx if ALL requested bills were dispensed
         let refRemediated = false
-        if (parsed.ref_txid && result.dispensed) {
+        if (parsed.ref_txid && result.dispenseConfirmed) {
           refRemediated = remediateTransaction(parsed.ref_txid, txid)
         }
 
@@ -868,7 +900,13 @@ function startCommandPoller(): void {
           cmd.id,
           JSON.stringify({
             txid,
-            dispensed: result.dispensed,
+            // Wire key kept as `dispensed` — spirekeeper's command poller
+            // reads it. Value is the ADR-005 value-equality confirmation.
+            dispensed: result.dispenseConfirmed,
+            dispense_confirmed: result.dispenseConfirmed,
+            error_code: result.errorCode,
+            raw_code: result.rawCode,
+            error_class: result.errorClass,
             ref_remediated: refRemediated,
             error: result.error,
           })

apps/machine/electron/preload.ts

@@ -7,6 +7,24 @@
 
 import { contextBridge, ipcRenderer } from 'electron'
 
+/** Mirrors state-store.CashOutHold (ADR-005 §5) — preload can't import main-process modules. */
+interface CashOutHold {
+  reason: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  rawCode: string | null
+  since: number
+}
+
+/** Mirrors state-store.PendingDispenseReport (ADR-005 §2). */
+interface PendingDispenseReport {
+  txid: string
+  payload: unknown
+  createdAt: number
+  attempts: number
+  lastAttemptAt: number | null
+  lastError: string | null
+}
+
 /**
  * Runtime configuration interface (public info only)
  * These values are read from environment variables at runtime (not build time)
@@ -114,6 +132,18 @@ contextBridge.exposeInMainWorld('electronAPI', {
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:get-counts-uncertain-since'),
   markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number): Promise<void> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:mark-counts-uncertain', unixTimestamp),
+  // Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+  getCashOutHold: (): Promise<CashOutHold | null> => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:get-cash-out-hold'),
+  setCashOutHold: (hold: CashOutHold): Promise<CashOutHold> =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke('state:set-cash-out-hold', hold),
+  clearCashOutHold: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke('state:clear-cash-out-hold'),
+  // Dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2)
+  pendingDispenseReports: (limit?: number): Promise<PendingDispenseReport[]> =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke('state:pending-dispense-reports', limit),
+  ackDispenseReport: (txid: string): Promise<boolean> =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke('state:ack-dispense-report', txid),
+  noteDispenseReportAttempt: (txid: string, error: string | null): Promise<void> =>
+    ipcRenderer.invoke('state:note-dispense-report-attempt', txid, error),
   markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number): Promise<void> =>
     ipcRenderer.invoke('state:mark-state-published', unixTimestamp),
 
@@ -307,6 +337,12 @@ declare global {
       getLastStatePublishedAt: () => Promise<number | null>
       getCountsUncertainSince: () => Promise<number | null>
       markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
+      getCashOutHold: () => Promise<CashOutHold | null>
+      setCashOutHold: (hold: CashOutHold) => Promise<CashOutHold>
+      clearCashOutHold: () => Promise<boolean>
+      pendingDispenseReports: (limit?: number) => Promise<PendingDispenseReport[]>
+      ackDispenseReport: (txid: string) => Promise<boolean>
+      noteDispenseReportAttempt: (txid: string, error: string | null) => Promise<void>
       markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
       saveBunkerBinding: (binding: BunkerBindingRecord) => Promise<void>
       clearBunkerBinding: () => Promise<void>

apps/machine/electron/state-store.ts

@@ -10,12 +10,13 @@
  */
 
 import Database from 'better-sqlite3'
+import type { DispenseReportBody } from '@bitSpire/lnbits'
 import path from 'node:path'
 import fs from 'node:fs'
 
 let db: Database.Database | null = null
 
-const SCHEMA_VERSION = '13'
+const SCHEMA_VERSION = '14'
 
 function getDbPath(): string {
   const prodDir = '/var/lib/bitspire'
@@ -136,6 +137,16 @@ export function initDatabase(dbPath?: string): void {
       relays TEXT,
       lnbits_server_pubkey TEXT
     );
+
+    CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dispense_reports (
+      txid TEXT PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES transactions(txid),
+      payload TEXT NOT NULL,
+      created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+      attempts INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+      last_attempt_at INTEGER,
+      last_error TEXT,
+      acked_at INTEGER
+    );
   `)
 
   // Seed meta + cashbox if first run, or run migrations
@@ -418,6 +429,32 @@ export function initDatabase(dbPath?: string): void {
     existing.value = '13'
   }
 
+  if (existing && existing.value === '13') {
+    // Migration v13 → v14: the dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2).
+    //
+    // Every cash-out's outcome — success or failure — is reported to
+    // spirekeeper over a kind-21000 RPC, and that report is what lets the
+    // server capture (distribute) the settlement or surface a customer who
+    // is owed cash. A relay gives the publisher no delivery guarantee, so the
+    // report is written here, in the SAME transaction as the transactions
+    // row, and resent until the server acknowledges it. Idempotent on txid
+    // server-side; `attempts` / `last_error` drive the resend backoff.
+    db.exec(`
+      CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS dispense_reports (
+        txid TEXT PRIMARY KEY REFERENCES transactions(txid),
+        payload TEXT NOT NULL,
+        created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        attempts INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        last_attempt_at INTEGER,
+        last_error TEXT,
+        acked_at INTEGER
+      );
+    `)
+    db.prepare('UPDATE meta SET value = ? WHERE key = ?').run('14', 'schema_version')
+    console.log('[StateStore] Migrated schema v13 → v14 (added dispense_reports outbox)')
+    existing.value = '14'
+  }
+
   // Defensive: a fresh install at SCHEMA_VERSION skips all migrations.
   // Seed the operator-config meta rows if they're missing (idempotent).
   const seedMeta = db.prepare('INSERT OR IGNORE INTO meta (key, value) VALUES (?, ?)')
@@ -517,6 +554,133 @@ export function clearCountsUncertain(): void {
   ).run('countsUncertainSince', '')
 }
 
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+//
+// A terminal dispenser fault latches cash-out off. The latch is machine
+// health, so it lives in `meta` (one JSON value) and survives restarts; the
+// renderer restores it into the state machine on boot and the operator
+// releases it with a `recount` or `resume_cash_out` op. Re-initialising the
+// dispenser never clears it — re-init does not move a stuck note.
+
+export interface CashOutHold {
+  reason: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  rawCode: string | null
+  /** unix seconds of the FIRST fault — kept across repeat faults */
+  since: number
+}
+
+export function getCashOutHold(): CashOutHold | null {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const row = db.prepare('SELECT value FROM meta WHERE key = ?').get('cashOutHeld') as
+    | { value: string }
+    | undefined
+  if (!row || row.value === '') return null
+  try {
+    const parsed = JSON.parse(row.value) as Partial<CashOutHold>
+    if (typeof parsed.since !== 'number' || typeof parsed.reason !== 'string') return null
+    return {
+      reason: parsed.reason,
+      errorCode: typeof parsed.errorCode === 'string' ? parsed.errorCode : null,
+      rawCode: typeof parsed.rawCode === 'string' ? parsed.rawCode : null,
+      since: parsed.since,
+    }
+  } catch {
+    return null
+  }
+}
+
+/** Latch cash-out off. Idempotent: an existing hold (and its `since`) is kept. */
+export function setCashOutHold(hold: CashOutHold): CashOutHold {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const existing = getCashOutHold()
+  if (existing) return existing
+  db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO meta (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value'
+  ).run('cashOutHeld', JSON.stringify(hold))
+  console.warn(
+    `[StateStore] Cash-out HELD: ${hold.errorCode ?? 'fault'}${hold.rawCode ? ` ${hold.rawCode}` : ''} — ${hold.reason}`
+  )
+  return hold
+}
+
+/** Release the latch — an operator has cleared the machine. */
+export function clearCashOutHold(): boolean {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const had = getCashOutHold() !== null
+  db.prepare(
+    'INSERT INTO meta (key, value) VALUES (?, ?) ON CONFLICT(key) DO UPDATE SET value = excluded.value'
+  ).run('cashOutHeld', '')
+  if (had) console.log('[StateStore] Cash-out hold released')
+  return had
+}
+
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+// Dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2)
+// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+export interface PendingDispenseReport {
+  txid: string
+  payload: DispenseReportBody
+  createdAt: number
+  attempts: number
+  lastAttemptAt: number | null
+  lastError: string | null
+}
+
+/** Unacknowledged reports, oldest first. The renderer applies the backoff. */
+export function pendingDispenseReports(limit = 20): PendingDispenseReport[] {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const rows = db
+    .prepare(
+      'SELECT txid, payload, created_at, attempts, last_attempt_at, last_error FROM dispense_reports WHERE acked_at IS NULL ORDER BY created_at ASC LIMIT ?'
+    )
+    .all(limit) as Array<{
+    txid: string
+    payload: string
+    created_at: number
+    attempts: number
+    last_attempt_at: number | null
+    last_error: string | null
+  }>
+  const out: PendingDispenseReport[] = []
+  for (const r of rows) {
+    try {
+      out.push({
+        txid: r.txid,
+        payload: JSON.parse(r.payload) as DispenseReportBody,
+        createdAt: r.created_at,
+        attempts: r.attempts,
+        lastAttemptAt: r.last_attempt_at,
+        lastError: r.last_error,
+      })
+    } catch {
+      console.error('[StateStore] dispense_reports row has unparseable payload:', r.txid)
+    }
+  }
+  return out
+}
+
+/** The server acknowledged this report. Returns whether a row changed. */
+export function markDispenseReportAcked(txid: string): boolean {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  const res = db
+    .prepare('UPDATE dispense_reports SET acked_at = ? WHERE txid = ? AND acked_at IS NULL')
+    .run(Date.now(), txid)
+  if (res.changes > 0) console.log('[StateStore] Dispense report acked:', txid)
+  return res.changes > 0
+}
+
+/** A send was attempted and did not get an OK. Drives the resend backoff. */
+export function noteDispenseReportAttempt(txid: string, error: string | null): void {
+  if (!db) throw new Error('Database not initialized')
+  db.prepare(
+    'UPDATE dispense_reports SET attempts = attempts + 1, last_attempt_at = ?, last_error = ? WHERE txid = ?'
+  ).run(Date.now(), error, txid)
+}
+
 /**
  * A counter bumped on every local change to a bay count, from any cause.
  *
@@ -851,7 +1015,12 @@ export function applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops: CassetteOp[]): ApplyOpsResult {
     // A recount is an operator opening the bay and counting it, which is
     // exactly what resolves an unverified count. Nothing else does: a refill
     // adds to a number still known to be wrong.
-    if (sawRecount) upsertMeta.run('countsUncertainSince', '')
+    if (sawRecount) {
+      upsertMeta.run('countsUncertainSince', '')
+      // ADR-005 §5: a recount is an operator at the open machine — the one
+      // gesture that also releases a cash-out hold.
+      upsertMeta.run('cashOutHeld', '')
+    }
   })()
 
   console.log(
@@ -1173,6 +1342,11 @@ interface TransactionInput {
     rejected: number
   }[]
   error?: string | null
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §2: dispense outcome to queue for spirekeeper. Inserted in the
+   * same transaction as the row so a crash between them cannot lose it.
+   */
+  report?: DispenseReportBody
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1194,6 +1368,12 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
   const insertBill = db.prepare(
     'INSERT INTO transaction_bills (txid, denomination, count) VALUES (?, ?, ?)'
   )
+  // Outbox row (ADR-005 §2). REPLACE: a re-record of the same txid (should not
+  // happen, but a crash-replay could) refreshes the payload and resets the
+  // delivery state rather than failing the whole transaction.
+  const insertReport = db.prepare(
+    'INSERT OR REPLACE INTO dispense_reports (txid, payload, created_at, attempts, last_attempt_at, last_error, acked_at) VALUES (?, ?, ?, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL)'
+  )
   const insertCassetteBill = db.prepare(
     'INSERT INTO cassette_bills (txid, name, position, denomination, provisioned, dispensed, rejected) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)'
   )
@@ -1226,6 +1406,10 @@ export function recordTransaction(tx: TransactionInput): void {
       insertBill.run(t.txid, bill.denomination, bill.count)
     }
 
+    if (t.report) {
+      insertReport.run(t.txid, JSON.stringify(t.report), Date.now())
+    }
+
     // Insert per-cassette detail when available
     if (t.cassettes) {
       for (const c of t.cassettes) {

apps/machine/src/composables/useAvailabilityBroadcast.ts

@@ -29,8 +29,14 @@ interface UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions {
   signer: Signer
   /** Reactive inventory: denomination -> count */
   inventory: Ref<Record<number, number>>
-  /** Reactive Lightning.Pub balance in sats (null = unknown) */
+  /** Reactive wallet balance in sats (null = unknown) */
   balanceSats: Ref<number | null>
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §5: cash-out is latched off after a terminal dispenser fault.
+   * A machine with full bays and a jammed transport must not advertise
+   * cash-out — that is exactly what sintra did for an hour on 2026-10-09.
+   */
+  cashOutHeld?: Ref<boolean>
   /** Fiat currency code */
   fiatCode: string
   /** Machine model */
@@ -38,7 +44,7 @@ interface UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions {
 }
 
 export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOptions) {
-  const { nostrClient, signer, inventory, balanceSats, fiatCode, model } = options
+  const { nostrClient, signer, inventory, balanceSats, cashOutHeld, fiatCode, model } = options
 
   let lastSnapshot: AvailabilitySnapshot | null = null
 
@@ -53,7 +59,7 @@ export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOption
   function computeSnapshot(): AvailabilitySnapshot {
     const totalBills = Object.values(inventory.value).reduce((s, c) => s + c, 0)
     return {
-      cashOut: totalBills > 0,
+      cashOut: totalBills > 0 && !(cashOutHeld?.value ?? false),
       cashIn: (balanceSats.value ?? 0) > 0,
       cashLevel: computeCashLevel(),
     }
@@ -101,7 +107,7 @@ export function useAvailabilityBroadcast(options: UseAvailabilityBroadcastOption
 
   // Watch reactive sources
   watch(
-    [inventory, balanceSats],
+    cashOutHeld ? [inventory, balanceSats, cashOutHeld] : [inventory, balanceSats],
     () => {
       debouncedPublish()
     },

apps/machine/src/services/hal.ts

@@ -147,8 +147,10 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
               dispensed: 0,
               rejected: 0,
             })),
-            dispensed: false,
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
             error: `No cassette loaded with denomination: ${denomination}`,
+            errorCode: 'NoCassetteForDenomination',
+            errorClass: 'inventory',
           }
         }
         notes[idx] = count
@@ -182,11 +184,23 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
           rejected: c.rejected,
         }))
 
-      const totalRequested = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.count, 0)
+      // ADR-005 §3: confirmation on VALUE. Same contract as electron/hal-service.ts.
+      const requestedValue = amounts.reduce((s, a) => s + a.denomination * a.count, 0)
+      const dispensedValue = cassetteResults.reduce((s, c) => s + c.denomination * c.dispensed, 0)
       const totalDispensed = bills.reduce((s, b) => s + b.dispensed, 0)
+      const dispenseConfirmed = requestedValue === dispensedValue
 
       if (result.error) {
-        return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: false, error: result.error.message }
+        const e = result.error
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: e.human ?? e.message,
+          errorCode: e.errorCode ?? e.name,
+          rawCode: e.rawCode,
+          errorClass: e.errorClass ?? 'terminal',
+        }
       }
 
       // Wait for customer to take bills (only if bills were dispensed)
@@ -195,7 +209,18 @@ export async function initializeHalServices(config: HalConfig): Promise<HalServi
         console.log('[HAL] Bills removed by customer')
       }
 
-      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispensed: totalRequested === totalDispensed }
+      if (!dispenseConfirmed) {
+        return {
+          bills,
+          cassettes: cassetteResults,
+          dispenseConfirmed: false,
+          error: `Dispensed ${dispensedValue} of ${requestedValue} with no dispenser error`,
+          errorCode: 'DispenseShort',
+          errorClass: 'inventory',
+        }
+      }
+
+      return { bills, cassettes: cassetteResults, dispenseConfirmed: true }
     },
 
     getInventory: async () => {

apps/machine/src/services/lightning.ts

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
 
 import { NostrClient, type Signer } from '@bitSpire/nostr-client'
 import { resolveSigner } from './signer-resolver.js'
-import { LnbitsClient } from '@bitSpire/lnbits'
+import { LnbitsClient, type DispenseReportBody, type DispenseReportAck } from '@bitSpire/lnbits'
 import { CLINKClient } from '@bitSpire/clink'
 import type { OfferRequest, ManagementRequest, ManagementResponse } from '@bitSpire/clink'
 import type { ATMServices, ATMContext } from '@bitSpire/state-machine'
@@ -223,6 +223,8 @@ export interface LightningBackend {
 }
 
 interface LightningServices {
+  /** ADR-005 §2: send one cash-out's dispense outcome to spirekeeper (outbox-driven). */
+  reportDispense: (body: DispenseReportBody) => Promise<DispenseReportAck>
   nostrClient: NostrClient
   lightningPub: LightningBackend
   clink: CLINKClient
@@ -686,6 +688,11 @@ export async function initializeLightningServices(options?: {
     signer,
     operatorPubkeys: CONFIG.operatorPubkeys,
     atmServices,
+    /**
+     * ADR-005 §2: send one cash-out's dispense outcome to spirekeeper. The
+     * store keeps these in a durable outbox and calls this until it resolves.
+     */
+    reportDispense: (body: DispenseReportBody) => lnbits.reportDispense(body),
     onOfferRequest: (callback: OfferRequestCallback) => {
       offerRequestCallback = callback
     },
@@ -742,7 +749,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
     subId: string | null
     /** Preimage seen before a consumer attached; replayed on attach. */
     settled: string | null
-    consumer: ((preimage: string) => void) | null
+    consumer: ((preimage: string, paymentHash: string) => void) | null
     poll: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null
     released: boolean
   }
@@ -765,7 +772,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
     watch.settled = preimage
     stopInvoiceWatchPoll(watch)
     console.log(`[ATM Service] Invoice paid (${via})!`)
-    watch.consumer?.(preimage)
+    watch.consumer?.(preimage, watch.paymentHash)
   }
 
   function startInvoiceWatchPoll(watch: InvoiceWatch): void {
@@ -1106,7 +1113,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
           dispensed: a.count,
           rejected: 0,
         })),
-        dispensed: true,
+        dispenseConfirmed: true,
       }
     },
 
@@ -1206,7 +1213,10 @@ export function createATMServices(
      * Watch a BOLT11 invoice for payment via LNbits subscribe_payments
      * push, filtered by payment_hash. Returns a cleanup function.
      */
-    watchInvoice: (invoice: string, callback: (preimage: string) => void): (() => void) => {
+    watchInvoice: (
+      invoice: string,
+      callback: (preimage: string, paymentHash?: string) => void
+    ): (() => void) => {
       if (!invoice.toLowerCase().startsWith('ln')) {
         console.error('[ATM Service] Invalid invoice format - expected BOLT11')
         return () => {}
@@ -1221,7 +1231,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
         // on a push that has already come and gone.
         if (armed.settled) {
           const preimage = armed.settled
-          queueMicrotask(() => callback(preimage))
+          queueMicrotask(() => callback(preimage, armed.paymentHash))
         }
         return () => releaseInvoiceWatch(invoice)
       }
@@ -1244,7 +1254,7 @@ export function createATMServices(
           const late = invoiceWatches.get(invoice)
           if (!late || cancelled) return
           late.consumer = callback
-          if (late.settled) callback(late.settled)
+          if (late.settled) callback(late.settled, late.paymentHash)
         } catch (e) {
           console.error('[ATM Service] LNbits watchInvoice failed:', e)
         }

apps/machine/src/services/operator-config.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ const KIND_NIP78 = 30078
 /** The wire schema this machine speaks. Operations, not counts (ADR-004). */
 const CASSETTE_SCHEMA_VERSION = 2
 
-/** One operator-authored operation, as it arrives on the wire. */
+/** One operator-authored cassette operation, as it arrives on the wire. */
 type CassetteOp = {
   id: string
   at: number
@@ -55,6 +55,18 @@ type CassetteOp = {
   denomination?: number
 }
 
+/**
+ * ADR-005 §5: the operator releases a cash-out hold without touching a bay
+ * count. Rides the same operator event as the cassette ops (same id/at shape)
+ * but is NOT a cassette op: it never reaches `applyOperatorCassetteOps`, which
+ * would reject the type. Honoured only when stamped AFTER the hold began, so
+ * a re-delivered resume from before a fresh fault cannot clear that fault.
+ * A `recount` releases the hold too — it is the same "operator at the open
+ * machine" gesture and already clears counts-uncertain.
+ */
+type ResumeCashOutOp = { id: string; at: number; type: 'resume_cash_out' }
+type OperatorOp = CassetteOp | ResumeCashOutOp
+
 /** Accept operator events stamped up to this many seconds in the future. */
 const MAX_FUTURE_SKEW_S = 60
 
@@ -85,6 +97,12 @@ export interface OperatorConfigServiceConfig {
   operatorPubkeys: string[]
   /** Machine identifier for the d-tag. Defaults to signer.pubkey when omitted. */
   machineId?: string
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §5: called when an operator op (recount, resume_cash_out) has
+   * released a persisted cash-out hold, so the store can lift the state
+   * machine's latch. The store wires this to `CASH_OUT_RELEASED`.
+   */
+  onCashOutHoldReleased?: () => void
 }
 
 export interface OperatorConfigService {
@@ -222,7 +240,28 @@ async function handleOperatorConfigEvent(
     console.error('[OperatorConfig] Payload missing `ops` array — dropped')
     return
   }
-  const ops = parsed.ops as CassetteOp[]
+  const allOps = parsed.ops as OperatorOp[]
+
+  // 4b. ADR-005 §5 — split out resume_cash_out before the cassette apply.
+  //     Release only if a resume is stamped after the hold began; an idempotent
+  //     re-delivery of an older resume must not clear a newer fault.
+  const holdBefore = await api.getCashOutHold()
+  const resumeOps = allOps.filter(
+    (o): o is ResumeCashOutOp => !!o && o.type === 'resume_cash_out'
+  )
+  const ops = allOps.filter((o): o is CassetteOp => !!o && o.type !== 'resume_cash_out')
+  if (holdBefore && resumeOps.some((o) => typeof o.at === 'number' && o.at > holdBefore.since)) {
+    await api.clearCashOutHold()
+    console.log(
+      `[OperatorConfig] Cash-out hold released by operator resume op ` +
+        `(held since ${holdBefore.since}, ${resumeOps.length} resume op(s))`
+    )
+  } else if (resumeOps.length > 0) {
+    console.log(
+      `[OperatorConfig] ${resumeOps.length} resume_cash_out op(s) ignored — ` +
+        (holdBefore ? 'all stamped before the current hold began' : 'no hold in place')
+    )
+  }
 
   // 5. Apply the ones we have not seen, in one transaction with the sequence
   //    bump. No `created_at` watermark: each op carries an operator-minted id
@@ -230,10 +269,19 @@ async function handleOperatorConfigEvent(
   //    no-op on its own merits. The watermark would be strictly weaker and
   //    actively harmful — an event arriving out of order can still carry an
   //    operation this machine has never seen.
-  const result = await api.applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops)
+  const result = ops.length
+    ? await api.applyOperatorCassetteOps(ops)
+    : { applied: [] as string[], rejected: [] as { id: string; reason: string }[] }
   for (const bad of result.rejected) {
     console.warn(`[OperatorConfig] Op ${bad.id} rejected: ${bad.reason}`)
   }
+
+  // A recount (applied in the store, which also clears the hold) or the resume
+  // above may have released the latch: tell the store so the state machine
+  // lifts its guard. The republishes below carry the cleared state up.
+  if (holdBefore && (await api.getCashOutHold()) === null) {
+    cfg.onCashOutHoldReleased?.()
+  }
   if (result.applied.length === 0) {
     console.log(`[OperatorConfig] No new ops in event ${event.id.slice(0, 12)}…`)
     // Still republish: the operator learns from our applied_ops echo that
@@ -318,6 +366,15 @@ async function publishCassettesState(
     applied_ops: appliedOps,
   }
   if (countsUncertainSince) payload.counts_uncertain_since = countsUncertainSince
+  // ADR-005 §5 — additive, same contract as counts_uncertain_since: an old
+  // consumer ignores it. When present, this machine is refusing cash-out
+  // until an operator recount or resume_cash_out op.
+  const hold = await api.getCashOutHold()
+  if (hold) {
+    payload.cash_out_held_since = hold.since
+    payload.cash_out_held_reason = hold.reason
+    payload.cash_out_held_code = hold.rawCode ?? hold.errorCode ?? null
+  }
   const ciphertext = await cfg.signer.nip44Encrypt(operatorPubkey, JSON.stringify(payload))
 
   // Force the stamp strictly above our last one. Addressable events are ordered

apps/machine/src/stores/atm.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import { defineStore } from 'pinia'
+import type { DispenseReportBody } from '@bitSpire/lnbits'
 import { ref, computed, watch } from 'vue'
 import {
   createATMMachine,
@@ -9,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   type SnapshotFrom,
   type ATMMachine,
   type AccessRole,
+  type DispenseCashResult,
 } from '@bitSpire/state-machine'
 import type { AccessControlConfig, CardSession } from '@/types/electron'
 import { initializeLightningServices, fetchBtcPrice } from '@/services/lightning'
@@ -126,7 +128,7 @@ async function handleManagementCommand(
     await persistTransaction({
       txid,
       type: 'manual_dispense',
-      status: result.dispensed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
+      status: result.dispenseConfirmed ? 'complete' : 'dispense_error',
       fiatCents: totalFiatCents,
       sats: 0,
       feeSats: 0,
@@ -141,7 +143,7 @@ async function handleManagementCommand(
 
     // Only remediate the original tx if ALL requested bills were dispensed
     let refRemediated = false
-    if (request.ref_txid && result.dispensed && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+    if (request.ref_txid && result.dispenseConfirmed && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
       refRemediated = await window.electronAPI.remediateTransaction(request.ref_txid, txid)
       if (refRemediated) {
         console.log('[ATM] Remediated failed tx:', request.ref_txid)
@@ -192,6 +194,62 @@ async function loadInventoryFromDb(): Promise<Record<number, number> | null> {
 /**
  * Persist a completed transaction to SQLite via IPC.
  */
+/**
+ * ADR-005 §2: the dispense outcome spirekeeper captures on. Built from the
+ * machine context at the moment the terminal state is entered; written in the
+ * same SQLite transaction as the transactions row (see TransactionRecord.report).
+ * `requested` per denomination comes from the sale, `dispensed`/`rejected` from
+ * the hardware report; `cassettes` is the per-bay record verbatim.
+ */
+function buildDispenseReport(
+  ctx: ATMContext,
+  dr: DispenseCashResult | null,
+  countsUncertain: boolean
+): DispenseReportBody {
+  const requestedByDenom = new Map<number, number>()
+  for (const a of ctx.dispenseAmounts) {
+    requestedByDenom.set(a.denomination, (requestedByDenom.get(a.denomination) ?? 0) + a.count)
+  }
+  const seen = new Set<number>()
+  const bills: DispenseReportBody['bills'] = []
+  for (const b of dr?.bills ?? []) {
+    seen.add(b.denomination)
+    bills.push({
+      denomination: b.denomination,
+      requested: requestedByDenom.get(b.denomination) ?? 0,
+      dispensed: b.dispensed,
+      rejected: b.rejected,
+    })
+  }
+  // A denomination that was asked for but never appears in the report (the
+  // dispenser threw before reporting) still needs a row: requested, zero out.
+  for (const [denomination, requested] of requestedByDenom) {
+    if (!seen.has(denomination)) bills.push({ denomination, requested, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 })
+  }
+  return {
+    txid: ctx.txid ?? '',
+    payment_hash: ctx.paymentHash,
+    tx_type: 'cash_out',
+    dispense_confirmed: dr?.dispenseConfirmed === true,
+    error: dr?.error ?? ctx.error ?? null,
+    error_code: dr?.errorCode ?? (ctx.error && !dr ? 'DispenseThrew' : null),
+    raw_code: dr?.rawCode ?? null,
+    error_class: dr?.errorClass ?? (ctx.error && !dr ? 'terminal' : null),
+    fiat_cents: ctx.fiatCents,
+    currency: ctx.currency,
+    bills,
+    cassettes: (dr?.cassettes ?? []).map((c) => ({
+      position: c.position,
+      denomination: c.denomination,
+      provisioned: c.provisioned,
+      dispensed: c.dispensed,
+      rejected: c.rejected,
+    })),
+    counts_uncertain: countsUncertain,
+    at: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+  }
+}
+
 async function persistTransaction(tx: TransactionRecord): Promise<void> {
   if (isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
     try {
@@ -254,7 +312,7 @@ const mockServices: ATMServices = {
         dispensed: a.count,
         rejected: 0,
       })),
-      dispensed: true,
+      dispenseConfirmed: true,
     }
   },
 
@@ -401,6 +459,12 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
   )
   let stopBalanceWatch: (() => void) | null = null
   let pricePollingInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null
+  // ADR-005 §2 — dispense-report outbox. The function pointer is set at every
+  // lightning-init site; the flusher drains state.db's dispense_reports table
+  // to spirekeeper with backoff until each row is acked.
+  let reportDispenseFn: ((body: DispenseReportBody) => Promise<unknown>) | null = null
+  let dispenseReportFlushInterval: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null
+  let dispenseReportFlushing = false
 
   // Store reference to ATM services for direct calls
   let atmServicesRef: ATMServices | null = null
@@ -618,13 +682,31 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         send({ type: 'CASH_DISPENSED' })
       }
 
-      // Record failed cash-out dispenses (sats debited but cash not dispensed)
+      // ADR-005 §5: persist the cash-out hold the moment the machine sets it,
-      if (currentNested === 'dispenseError' && prevNestedState !== 'dispenseError') {
+      // and republish the cassette state so the operator sees it. The hold is
+      // machine health, not transaction state — it must survive a restart.
+      const heldNow = newSnapshot.context.cashOutHeld
+      const heldBefore = prevSnapshot?.context.cashOutHeld ?? null
+      if (heldNow && !heldBefore && isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+        void window.electronAPI
+          .setCashOutHold(heldNow)
+          .then(() => operatorConfigSvc?.publishCassettesState())
+          .catch((e) => console.error('[ATM] Could not persist cash-out hold:', e))
+      }
+
+      // Record a cash-out that did not confirm (ADR-005 §3/§4). Both terminal
+      // states mean the customer has PAID and received less than they paid
+      // for — dispenseFault because the dispenser reported an error, outOfCash
+      // because it reported none (an inventory refusal, or simply short).
+      // Either way the row is dispense_error / partial and the server learns
+      // of it; the difference is only the customer screen and the latch.
+      const isDispenseTerminal = currentNested === 'dispenseFault' || currentNested === 'outOfCash'
+      const wasDispenseTerminal = prevNestedState === 'dispenseFault' || prevNestedState === 'outOfCash'
+      if (isDispenseTerminal && !wasDispenseTerminal) {
         const ctx = newSnapshot.context
         if (ctx.txid) {
           const dr = ctx.dispenseResult
 
-          // Determine status from dispense result (if available)
           let status: 'dispense_error' | 'partial' = 'dispense_error'
           let bills: { denomination: number; count: number }[] = []
 
@@ -634,6 +716,23 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
             bills = dr.bills
               .filter((b) => b.dispensed > 0)
               .map((b) => ({ denomination: b.denomination, count: b.dispensed }))
+
+            // ADR-005 §3 — the deviation from both bitSpire-before and lamassu:
+            // a report of ZERO dispensed that arrives WITH a hardware error is
+            // not evidence that nothing left the bay. A note that stops in the
+            // transport path completes neither the dispensed nor the rejected
+            // counter (sintra, 2026-10-09: bay read 66, held 65, one in the
+            // transport). Flag the counts unverified so the next recount is
+            // what resolves them, instead of trusting a zero.
+            if (totalDispensed === 0 && dr.error && dr.errorClass !== 'inventory') {
+              console.error(
+                `[ATM] Dispense reported 0 notes WITH an error (${dr.errorCode ?? 'unknown'}` +
+                  `${dr.rawCode ? ` ${dr.rawCode}` : ''}) — bay counts are unverified (txid=${ctx.txid})`
+              )
+              void window.electronAPI
+                ?.markCountsUncertain(Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000))
+                .catch((e) => console.warn('[ATM] Could not flag counts unverified:', e))
+            }
           } else {
             // The dispenser threw, or the dispense timed out, so there is no
             // per-bay report. Bills may well have reached the customer, and
@@ -649,6 +748,11 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
               .catch((e) => console.warn('[ATM] Could not flag counts unverified:', e))
           }
 
+          const countsUncertain =
+            !dr ||
+            (dr.bills.reduce((sum, b) => sum + b.dispensed, 0) === 0 &&
+              !!dr.error &&
+              dr.errorClass !== 'inventory')
           persistTransaction({
             txid: ctx.txid,
             type: 'cash_out',
@@ -662,10 +766,14 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
             bills,
             cassettes: dr?.cassettes,
             error: dr?.error ?? ctx.error,
+            // ADR-005 §2 — queued in the same SQLite transaction as the row.
+            report: buildDispenseReport(ctx, dr, countsUncertain),
           })
             .then(() => reloadPersistedInventory())
-            // Republish cassette state — a partial dispense changed counts.
+            // Republish cassette state — a partial dispense changed counts, and
+            // the payload now carries the hold / unverified flags.
             .then(() => operatorConfigSvc?.publishCassettesState())
+            .then(() => flushDispenseReports())
         }
       }
 
@@ -695,11 +803,15 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
             bills,
             cassettes: dr?.cassettes,
             error: dr?.error,
+            // ADR-005 §2 — the SUCCESS report is what lets spirekeeper capture
+            // (distribute) the settlement. Cash-out only; cash-in has no dispense.
+            ...(isCashInTx ? {} : { report: buildDispenseReport(ctx, dr, false) }),
           })
             .then(() => reloadPersistedInventory())
             // Republish cassette state after a cash-out dispense (counts
             // decremented); harmless no-op echo for a cash-in complete.
             .then(() => (isCashInTx ? undefined : operatorConfigSvc?.publishCassettesState()))
+            .then(() => (isCashInTx ? undefined : flushDispenseReports()))
         }
       }
 
@@ -742,6 +854,23 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     setupNfcListener()
     setupCassettesChangedListener()
     console.log('[ATM] State machine initialized')
+
+    // ADR-005 §5: a cash-out hold persisted by a previous run gates cash-out
+    // before any dispense — a restart must not quietly put a jammed machine
+    // back in service. Released only by an operator recount / resume op.
+    if (isElectron && window.electronAPI) {
+      void window.electronAPI
+        .getCashOutHold()
+        .then((hold) => {
+          if (!hold) return
+          console.warn(
+            `[ATM] Cash-out HELD since ${new Date(hold.since * 1000).toISOString()} ` +
+              `(${hold.errorCode ?? 'fault'}${hold.rawCode ? ` ${hold.rawCode}` : ''}): ${hold.reason}`
+          )
+          send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_HELD', hold })
+        })
+        .catch((e) => console.warn('[ATM] Could not read cash-out hold:', e))
+    }
   }
 
   // ── Bolt Card cash-out (NFC tap-to-pay) ───────────────────────────────────
@@ -1031,6 +1160,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
 
     try {
       const services = await initializeLightningServices({ strict: !allowMockFallback.value })
+      reportDispenseFn = services.reportDispense
+      startDispenseReportFlusher()
       useLiveServices.value = true
       connectionStatus.value = 'connected'
       console.log('[ATM] Connected to Lightning.Pub!')
@@ -1043,6 +1174,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
       services.nostrClient.on('connect', () => {
         connectionStatus.value = 'connected'
         console.log('[ATM] Relay reconnected')
+        // A report queued during the outage goes now, not at the next tick.
+        void flushDispenseReports()
       })
 
       // Store references to clients for direct operations
@@ -1135,6 +1268,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: services.nostrClient,
         signer: services.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: services.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Start operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57) — subscribes
@@ -1329,6 +1463,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
 
       // Initialize Lightning services
       const lightning = await initializeLightningServices({ strict: !allowMockFallback.value })
+      reportDispenseFn = lightning.reportDispense
+      startDispenseReportFlusher()
       useLiveServices.value = true
       connectionStatus.value = 'connected'
       lightningPub.value = lightning.lightningPub
@@ -1461,6 +1597,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: lightning.nostrClient,
         signer: lightning.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: lightning.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57)
@@ -1621,6 +1758,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
 
       // Initialize Lightning services
       const lightning = await initializeLightningServices({ strict: !allowMockFallback.value })
+      reportDispenseFn = lightning.reportDispense
+      startDispenseReportFlusher()
       useLiveServices.value = true
       connectionStatus.value = 'connected'
       lightningPub.value = lightning.lightningPub
@@ -1797,6 +1936,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
         nostrClient: lightning.nostrClient,
         signer: lightning.signer,
         operatorPubkeys: lightning.operatorPubkeys,
+        onCashOutHoldReleased: () => send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }),
       })
 
       // Operator-fees consumer (aiolabs/lamassu-next#57)
@@ -1899,6 +2039,11 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_IN' })
   }
 
+  /** Customer dismisses the dispense-fault screen ("I've saved this reference"). */
+  function acknowledgeFault() {
+    send({ type: 'ACKNOWLEDGE_FAULT' })
+  }
+
   function selectCashOut() {
     settlementError.value = null
     send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
@@ -1983,7 +2128,59 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     pricePollingInterval = setInterval(poll, 30_000)
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Drain the dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2). At-least-once: a row is
+   * acked only on an OK reply; anything else bumps `attempts` and the row is
+   * retried after an exponential backoff (30 s · 2^attempts, capped at 1 h).
+   * While spirekeeper has not registered `report_dispense` every send fails
+   * the same way — the backoff keeps that from being noisy, and the rows wait.
+   * Triggers: right after each persist, on relay (re)connect, every 60 s.
+   */
+  async function flushDispenseReports(): Promise<void> {
+    if (!isElectron || !window.electronAPI || !reportDispenseFn) return
+    if (dispenseReportFlushing) return
+    dispenseReportFlushing = true
+    try {
+      const pending = await window.electronAPI.pendingDispenseReports(20)
+      const now = Date.now()
+      for (const row of pending) {
+        const backoffMs = Math.min(30_000 * 2 ** row.attempts, 3_600_000)
+        if (row.lastAttemptAt && row.lastAttemptAt + backoffMs > now) continue
+        try {
+          await reportDispenseFn(row.payload as DispenseReportBody)
+          await window.electronAPI.ackDispenseReport(row.txid)
+          console.log(`[ATM] Dispense report delivered: ${row.txid}`)
+        } catch (e) {
+          const msg = e instanceof Error ? e.message : String(e)
+          await window.electronAPI.noteDispenseReportAttempt(row.txid, msg)
+          console.warn(
+            `[ATM] Dispense report ${row.txid} not delivered (attempt ${row.attempts + 1}): ${msg}`
+          )
+        }
+      }
+    } catch (e) {
+      console.warn('[ATM] Dispense-report flush failed:', e)
+    } finally {
+      dispenseReportFlushing = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  function startDispenseReportFlusher() {
+    if (dispenseReportFlushInterval) return
+    dispenseReportFlushInterval = setInterval(() => void flushDispenseReports(), 60_000)
+    void flushDispenseReports()
+  }
+
+  function stopDispenseReportFlusher() {
+    if (dispenseReportFlushInterval) {
+      clearInterval(dispenseReportFlushInterval)
+      dispenseReportFlushInterval = null
+    }
+  }
+
   function stopPricePolling() {
+    // Both are store-lifetime intervals; whoever stops one stops the other.
+    stopDispenseReportFlusher()
     if (pricePollingInterval) {
       clearInterval(pricePollingInterval)
       pricePollingInterval = null
@@ -2004,6 +2201,8 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
       signer,
       inventory: persistedInventory,
       balanceSats,
+      // ADR-005 §5: a latched machine must not advertise cash-out.
+      cashOutHeld: computed(() => snapshot.value?.context.cashOutHeld != null),
       fiatCode: fiatCode.value,
       model,
     })
@@ -2069,6 +2268,7 @@ export const useAtmStore = defineStore('atm', () => {
     send,
     selectCashIn,
     selectCashOut,
+    acknowledgeFault,
     cancel,
     insertBill,
     finishInserting,

apps/machine/src/types/electron.d.ts

@@ -150,6 +150,33 @@ declare global {
       /** When the bay counts became unverified (a dispense that reported nothing), or null. */
       getCountsUncertainSince: () => Promise<number | null>
       markCountsUncertain: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
+      // Cash-out hold (ADR-005 §5)
+      getCashOutHold: () => Promise<{
+        reason: string
+        errorCode: string | null
+        rawCode: string | null
+        since: number
+      } | null>
+      setCashOutHold: (hold: {
+        reason: string
+        errorCode: string | null
+        rawCode: string | null
+        since: number
+      }) => Promise<{ reason: string; errorCode: string | null; rawCode: string | null; since: number }>
+      clearCashOutHold: () => Promise<boolean>
+      // Dispense-report outbox (ADR-005 §2)
+      pendingDispenseReports: (limit?: number) => Promise<
+        Array<{
+          txid: string
+          payload: unknown
+          createdAt: number
+          attempts: number
+          lastAttemptAt: number | null
+          lastError: string | null
+        }>
+      >
+      ackDispenseReport: (txid: string) => Promise<boolean>
+      noteDispenseReportAttempt: (txid: string, error: string | null) => Promise<void>
       markStatePublished: (unixTimestamp: number) => Promise<void>
       saveBunkerBinding: (binding: BunkerBindingRecord) => Promise<void>
       clearBunkerBinding: () => Promise<void>

apps/machine/src/types/state.ts

@@ -34,6 +34,12 @@ export interface TransactionRecord {
   }[]
   error?: string | null
   remediatedBy?: string | null
+  /**
+   * ADR-005 §2: the dispense outcome to queue for spirekeeper, written in
+   * the same SQLite transaction as the row so a crash between the two cannot
+   * lose it. Cash-out only. Shape is @bitSpire/lnbits DispenseReportBody.
+   */
+  report?: import('@bitSpire/lnbits').DispenseReportBody
 }
 
 export interface ATMAvailability {

apps/machine/src/views/CashOutView.vue

@@ -63,13 +63,19 @@ watch(
 const nestedState = computed(() => atmStore.nestedState)
 const context = computed(() => atmStore.context)
 
-// Dispense error 30s countdown
+// Terminal-screen countdowns (ADR-005 §4). The machine owns the real timers
+// (DISPENSE_FAULT_TIMEOUT 120 s, DISPENSE_ERROR_TIMEOUT 30 s); this mirrors
+// them for display only.
+const TERMINAL_SECONDS: Record<string, number> = { dispenseFault: 120, outOfCash: 30 }
 const dispenseErrorCountdown = ref(30)
 let countdownTimer: ReturnType<typeof setInterval> | null = null
 
 watch(nestedState, (newState, oldState) => {
-  if (newState === 'dispenseError' && oldState !== 'dispenseError') {
+  const entering = typeof newState === 'string' && newState in TERMINAL_SECONDS
-    dispenseErrorCountdown.value = 30
+  const leaving = typeof oldState === 'string' && oldState in TERMINAL_SECONDS
+  if (entering && newState !== oldState) {
+    if (countdownTimer) clearInterval(countdownTimer)
+    dispenseErrorCountdown.value = TERMINAL_SECONDS[newState as string] ?? 30
     countdownTimer = setInterval(() => {
       dispenseErrorCountdown.value--
       if (dispenseErrorCountdown.value <= 0 && countdownTimer) {
@@ -77,12 +83,21 @@ watch(nestedState, (newState, oldState) => {
         countdownTimer = null
       }
     }, 1000)
-  } else if (oldState === 'dispenseError' && countdownTimer) {
+  } else if (leaving && !entering && countdownTimer) {
     clearInterval(countdownTimer)
     countdownTimer = null
   }
 })
 
+function acknowledgeFault() {
+  atmStore.acknowledgeFault()
+}
+
+const faultTime = computed(() => {
+  const t = context.value?.startedAt
+  return t ? new Date(t).toLocaleString() : ''
+})
+
 // Available denominations from inventory
 const availableDenominations = computed(() => {
   if (!context.value?.inventory) return []
@@ -535,63 +550,92 @@ function formatFiat(cents: number): string {
           </div>
         </div>
 
-        <!-- Dispense Error (timed, 30s → idle) -->
+        <!-- Dispense fault / could-not-dispense (ADR-005 §4).
+             Both reach here AFTER payment: the customer has paid and received
+             less than they paid for. dispenseFault = the dispenser reported an
+             error (and may have latched cash-out off); outOfCash = it reported
+             none. Either way: evidence on screen, operator notified. The raw
+             dispenser code is deliberately NOT shown — it travels in the report. -->
         <div
-          v-else-if="nestedState === 'dispenseError'"
+          v-else-if="nestedState === 'dispenseFault' || nestedState === 'outOfCash'"
-          key="dispenseError"
+          key="dispenseTerminal"
           class="flex flex-1 flex-col lg:flex-row items-center justify-center gap-6 lg:gap-10 p-4 lg:p-8"
           style="background: color-mix(in srgb, var(--destructive) 8%, var(--background))"
         >
-          <!-- Left side — error details -->
+          <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 lg:gap-5 max-w-xl">
-          <div class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3 lg:gap-5">
             <div class="text-5xl lg:text-[8vh]">⚠️</div>
-            <h3 class="text-2xl lg:text-[3rem] font-bold text-destructive">Dispense Error</h3>
+            <h3 class="text-2xl lg:text-[3rem] font-bold text-destructive">
-            <p class="text-base lg:text-2xl text-muted-foreground">
+              {{ nestedState === 'dispenseFault' ? 'Dispenser fault' : 'Could not dispense' }}
-              {{ context?.error || 'Cash could not be dispensed' }}
+            </h3>
+            <p class="text-base lg:text-2xl text-foreground text-center font-semibold">
+              Your payment went through. The cash below could not be dispensed.
             </p>
 
-            <!-- Partial dispense info -->
+            <div class="w-full rounded-xl bg-background/60 px-4 py-4 lg:px-8 lg:py-6 space-y-2">
-            <div
+              <div class="flex justify-between text-base lg:text-2xl">
-              v-if="context?.dispenseResult?.bills?.length"
+                <span class="text-muted-foreground">You paid</span>
-              class="w-full max-w-md rounded-xl bg-background/60 px-4 py-4 lg:px-8 lg:py-6 space-y-2"
+                <span class="font-semibold"
-            >
+                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ ((context?.fiatCents ?? 0) / 100).toFixed(2) }}
+                  <span class="text-muted-foreground text-sm lg:text-lg"
+                    >({{ (context?.satsAmount ?? 0).toLocaleString() }} sats)</span
+                  ></span
+                >
+              </div>
               <div
-                v-for="bill in context.dispenseResult.bills"
+                v-for="bill in context?.dispenseResult?.bills ?? []"
                 :key="bill.denomination"
                 class="flex justify-between text-base lg:text-2xl"
               >
                 <span class="text-muted-foreground"
-                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ bill.denomination }}</span
+                  >{{ atmStore.fiatSymbol }}{{ bill.denomination }} notes</span
                 >
                 <span :class="bill.dispensed > 0 ? 'text-success' : 'text-destructive'">
                   {{ bill.dispensed }} dispensed
-                  <span v-if="bill.rejected > 0" class="text-destructive">
-                    ({{ bill.rejected }} rejected)
-                  </span>
                 </span>
               </div>
             </div>
 
-            <p class="text-sm lg:text-lg text-muted-foreground">
+            <p class="text-base lg:text-xl text-foreground text-center">
-              Please contact support with the transaction ID below.
+              The operator has been notified and holds a record of this transaction.
+              <strong>Keep this reference</strong> — photograph it or write it down.
+            </p>
+            <p v-if="context?.error" class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground text-center">
+              Technical detail: {{ context.error }}
             </p>
 
-            <!-- Countdown -->
+            <div class="flex flex-wrap items-center justify-center gap-3">
+              <Button
+                v-if="nestedState === 'dispenseFault'"
+                class="bg-gradient-to-r from-orange-500 to-yellow-400 text-black"
+                size="kiosk"
+                @click="acknowledgeFault"
+              >
+                I've saved this
+              </Button>
+              <Button variant="outline" size="kiosk" @click="cancel"> Return to Start </Button>
+            </div>
             <p class="text-sm lg:text-base text-muted-foreground">
               Returning to start in {{ dispenseErrorCountdown }}s
             </p>
-
-            <Button variant="outline" size="kiosk" @click="cancel"> Return to Start </Button>
           </div>
 
-          <!-- Right side — txid QR -->
+          <div v-if="context?.txid" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-3">
-          <div v-if="context?.txid" class="flex flex-col items-center gap-4">
+            <QRCode :value="context.txid" :size="260" />
-            <QRCode :value="context.txid" :size="280" />
+            <p class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">Transaction</p>
             <p
-              class="font-mono-code text-sm text-muted-foreground max-w-[300px] text-center break-all"
+              class="font-mono-code text-sm lg:text-base text-foreground max-w-[320px] text-center break-all"
             >
               {{ context.txid }}
             </p>
+            <template v-if="context?.paymentHash">
+              <p class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">Payment hash</p>
+              <p
+                class="font-mono-code text-xs lg:text-sm text-foreground max-w-[320px] text-center break-all"
+              >
+                {{ context.paymentHash }}
+              </p>
+            </template>
+            <p v-if="faultTime" class="text-xs lg:text-sm text-muted-foreground">{{ faultTime }}</p>
           </div>
         </div>
 

apps/machine/src/views/IdleView.vue

@@ -121,16 +121,32 @@ function handleCashOut() {
         >
       </button>
 
-      <!-- Sell Bitcoin -->
+      <!-- Sell Bitcoin — disabled while cash-out is held after a terminal
+           dispenser fault (ADR-005 §5). The state machine refuses
+           SELECT_CASH_OUT regardless; this just tells the customer why. -->
       <button
-        class="flex aspect-square w-40 lg:w-[36vh] flex-col items-center justify-center gap-1.5 lg:gap-4 rounded-full border-2 border-success/50 bg-success/10 transition-all active:scale-[0.97]"
+        class="flex aspect-square w-40 lg:w-[36vh] flex-col items-center justify-center gap-1.5 lg:gap-4 rounded-full border-2 transition-all"
+        :class="
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld
+            ? 'border-muted-foreground/30 bg-muted/20 opacity-60 cursor-not-allowed'
+            : 'border-success/50 bg-success/10 active:scale-[0.97]'
+        "
+        :disabled="!!atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld"
         @click="handleCashOut"
       >
-        <span class="text-4xl lg:text-[8vh] leading-none">💵</span>
+        <span class="text-4xl lg:text-[8vh] leading-none">{{
-        <span class="text-base lg:text-[3.5vh] font-bold text-success">Sell Bitcoin</span>
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld ? '🔧' : '💵'
-        <span class="text-[10px] lg:text-[1.8vh] text-foreground/70"
+        }}</span>
-          >Pay invoice, receive cash</span
+        <span
+          class="text-base lg:text-[3.5vh] font-bold"
+          :class="atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld ? 'text-muted-foreground' : 'text-success'"
+          >Sell Bitcoin</span
         >
+        <span class="text-[10px] lg:text-[1.8vh] text-foreground/70 text-center px-3">{{
+          atmStore.context?.cashOutHeld
+            ? 'Temporarily unavailable — operator notified'
+            : 'Pay invoice, receive cash'
+        }}</span>
       </button>
     </div>
 

docs/adr/005-cash-out-dispense-outcome.md

@@ -195,10 +195,16 @@ instead of a clean ledger.
 
 Two distinct terminal states replace the single `dispenseError`:
 
-- **`outOfCash`** — the request could not be met from inventory and the dispenser reported
+- **`outOfCash`** — the request could not be met and the dispenser reported **no error**
-  **no error**. Nothing was charged beyond what was dispensed.
+  (an inventory refusal, or simply short). In the cash-out flow this state is reached *after*
+  payment, so the customer **has paid** and is owed the shortfall exactly as below; the
+  difference is the cause — no hardware fault, so the machine stays in service and nothing
+  latches. (An earlier draft said "nothing was charged beyond what was dispensed"; that is
+  only true of the inventory check *before* payment, which already prevents the sale.)
 - **`dispenseFault`** — the dispenser reported an error. The customer **has paid** and is
-  owed the shortfall.
+  owed the shortfall, and a `terminal` class also latches cash-out off (Decision 5).
+
+Both screens therefore show the same evidence; the heading and the latch differ.
 
 `dispenseFault` shows: the amount paid, the amount dispensed (per denomination, as now), the
 txid as QR (as now) **and as text**, the first 12 characters of the payment hash, the time,

packages/hal/src/dispensers/error-codes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+/**
+ * Dispense error taxonomy shared by every dispenser driver (ADR-005 §7).
+ *
+ * Three fields travel with a failed dispense, mirroring the shape
+ * lamassu-server kept on cash_out_txs — `error` (human), `error_code`
+ * (the error's NAME), plus the boolean the caller computes on value:
+ *
+ *   errorCode   the family, e.g. 'F56DispenseError' — stable, machine-readable
+ *   rawCode     the driver-native code, e.g. '78 42' — for the decode table
+ *   errorClass  how the caller should route it (below)
+ *   human       what an operator will find when they open the machine
+ *
+ * errorClass decides what the state machine does next:
+ *
+ *   terminal     the transport path is compromised (jam, motor, diverter,
+ *                sensor, comm timeout). Retrying from another bay would jam
+ *                too, and re-initialising does not move a stuck note. The
+ *                machine latches cash-out off until an operator clears it.
+ *   recoverable  this bay or this note (pick failure, length/thickness
+ *                reject, bill-end). The customer-facing fault screen still
+ *                shows — they have paid — but the machine stays in service.
+ *   inventory    nothing was asked of the hardware: the request could not be
+ *                met from the bays. Not a fault; routes to the out-of-cash
+ *                screen, and nothing was charged beyond what was dispensed.
+ *
+ * No code here is borrowed from another layer's vocabulary. lamassu tagged
+ * every F56 fault with statusCode 570, which its server read as "insufficient
+ * funds" — a jam told the operator to refill a cassette that was not empty.
+ */
+
+export type DispenseErrorClass = 'terminal' | 'recoverable' | 'inventory'
+
+export interface DispenseErrorInfo {
+  errorCode: string
+  rawCode?: string
+  errorClass: DispenseErrorClass
+  human: string
+}
+
+/** An Error carrying the taxonomy. Drivers return these from `dispense()`. */
+export interface DispenseError extends Error, DispenseErrorInfo {}
+
+/** Stamp the taxonomy onto an existing Error without losing its stack. */
+export function tagDispenseError(error: Error, info: DispenseErrorInfo): DispenseError {
+  const tagged = error as DispenseError
+  tagged.name = info.errorCode
+  tagged.errorCode = info.errorCode
+  tagged.rawCode = info.rawCode
+  tagged.errorClass = info.errorClass
+  tagged.human = info.human
+  return tagged
+}
+
+export function isDispenseError(err: unknown): err is DispenseError {
+  return (
+    err instanceof Error &&
+    typeof (err as Partial<DispenseError>).errorCode === 'string' &&
+    typeof (err as Partial<DispenseError>).errorClass === 'string'
+  )
+}

packages/hal/src/dispensers/f56/__tests__/bills.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
+/**
+ * The F56 bill table is a list of [hi, lo] accept windows in millimetres per
+ * denomination, sent to the BDU at initialise. It was carried byte for byte
+ * from lamassu with nothing over it, and a wrong GTQ window produced a
+ * production fault (5/5 notes rejected, error 82 00) for weeks. These tests
+ * are the "no value table without a test" rule from ADR-005 finding 10.
+ */
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { bills } from '../bills.js'
+
+/**
+ * Every quetzal, dollar and lempira note is 156 × 67 mm. HNL is in lamassu's
+ * 37-currency table but not (yet) in ours — include it only if present so the
+ * invariant holds the day it is added.
+ */
+const SAME_PHYSICAL_NOTE = (['USD', 'GTQ', 'HNL'] as const).filter((c) => c in bills)
+
+describe('F56 bill table', () => {
+  const currencies = Object.keys(bills)
+
+  it('has entries', () => {
+    expect(currencies.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+  })
+
+  it.each(currencies)('%s: every window is [hi, lo] with hi > lo and a plausible note length', (cur) => {
+    const data = bills[cur]!
+    expect(typeof data.thickness).toBe('number')
+    expect(typeof data.polymer).toBe('boolean')
+    for (const [denom, window] of Object.entries(data.lengths)) {
+      const [hi, lo] = window
+      expect(hi, `${cur} ${denom} hi`).toBeGreaterThan(lo)
+      // Real banknotes are roughly 110–180 mm long; a window outside that
+      // means a typo, not a note.
+      expect(lo, `${cur} ${denom} lo`).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(100)
+      expect(hi, `${cur} ${denom} hi`).toBeLessThanOrEqual(190)
+      // A window narrower than ±5 rejects real notes on sensor noise; wider
+      // than ±15 stops catching offset double-picks.
+      expect(hi - lo, `${cur} ${denom} width`).toBeGreaterThanOrEqual(10)
+      expect(hi - lo, `${cur} ${denom} width`).toBeLessThanOrEqual(30)
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('GTQ, USD and HNL — physically the same 156 mm note — share one window', () => {
+    const windows = SAME_PHYSICAL_NOTE.map((cur) => {
+      const lengths = bills[cur]!.lengths
+      const all = Object.values(lengths).map(([hi, lo]) => `${hi}-${lo}`)
+      return { cur, distinct: [...new Set(all)] }
+    })
+    for (const w of windows) {
+      expect(w.distinct, `${w.cur} has one window for all denominations`).toHaveLength(1)
+    }
+    const usd = windows.find((w) => w.cur === 'USD')!.distinct[0]
+    for (const w of windows) {
+      expect(w.distinct[0], `${w.cur} matches USD (lamassu b1cc3622)`).toBe(usd)
+    }
+  })
+
+  it('the 156 mm window is 146–166 (±10)', () => {
+    const [hi, lo] = bills.USD!.lengths[20]!
+    expect(hi).toBe(166)
+    expect(lo).toBe(146)
+    expect((hi + lo) / 2).toBe(156)
+  })
+})

packages/hal/src/dispensers/f56/__tests__/error-codes.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+import { describe, it, expect } from 'vitest'
+import { decodeF56Error, listF56ErrorCodes, normaliseF56Code, F56_ERROR_CODE } from '../error-codes.js'
+
+describe('F56 error-code decode (ADR-005 §7)', () => {
+  it("decodes sintra's exit jam as terminal", () => {
+    const info = decodeF56Error('78 42')
+    expect(info.errorCode).toBe(F56_ERROR_CODE)
+    expect(info.rawCode).toBe('78 42')
+    expect(info.errorClass).toBe('terminal')
+    expect(info.human).toMatch(/cassette exit/i)
+  })
+
+  it("decodes the Tejo's long-bill reject as recoverable", () => {
+    const info = decodeF56Error('82 00')
+    expect(info.errorClass).toBe('recoverable')
+    expect(info.human).toMatch(/length/i)
+  })
+
+  it('decodes parameterised families by first byte', () => {
+    expect(decodeF56Error('85 03').errorClass).toBe('recoverable')
+    expect(decodeF56Error('85 03').human).toMatch(/another safe/i)
+    expect(decodeF56Error('B5 01').errorClass).toBe('terminal')
+    expect(decodeF56Error('b5 7f').errorClass).toBe('terminal')
+  })
+
+  it('fails SAFE on an unknown code: terminal, named, code preserved', () => {
+    const info = decodeF56Error('99 99')
+    expect(info.errorCode).toBe(F56_ERROR_CODE)
+    expect(info.errorClass).toBe('terminal')
+    expect(info.rawCode).toBe('99 99')
+    expect(info.human).toContain('99 99')
+  })
+
+  it('treats a missing frame (serial timeout) as terminal', () => {
+    const info = decodeF56Error(undefined)
+    expect(info.errorClass).toBe('terminal')
+    expect(info.rawCode).toBeUndefined()
+  })
+
+  it('normalises spelling variants to "XX YY"', () => {
+    expect(normaliseF56Code('7842')).toBe('78 42')
+    expect(normaliseF56Code('78-42')).toBe('78 42')
+    expect(normaliseF56Code('78 42')).toBe('78 42')
+    expect(normaliseF56Code('b5 01')).toBe('B5 01')
+    expect(decodeF56Error('7842')).toEqual(decodeF56Error('78 42'))
+  })
+
+  it('never borrows another layer\'s code (the lamassu 570 lesson)', () => {
+    for (const row of listF56ErrorCodes()) {
+      expect(row).not.toHaveProperty('statusCode')
+    }
+    expect(decodeF56Error('78 42')).not.toHaveProperty('statusCode')
+  })
+
+  it('lists every known code for the operator glossary', () => {
+    const codes = listF56ErrorCodes().map((r) => r.code)
+    expect(codes).toContain('78 42')
+    expect(codes).toContain('82 00')
+    expect(codes).toContain('85 ..')
+    expect(codes).toContain('B5 ..')
+    for (const row of listF56ErrorCodes()) {
+      expect(['terminal', 'recoverable', 'inventory']).toContain(row.errorClass)
+      expect(row.human.length).toBeGreaterThan(10)
+    }
+  })
+})

packages/hal/src/dispensers/f56/error-codes.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
+/**
+ * Fujitsu F53/F56 BDU error-code decode table (ADR-005 §7).
+ *
+ * The BDU answers a failed bill-count with an 0xF0 frame whose bytes 3–4 are
+ * the error code; `f56-rs232.billCount` surfaces them as `rawCode` in the
+ * form prettyHex produces, e.g. '78 42'. Neither lamassu codebase ever
+ * decoded these — both collapsed every fault into one opaque string.
+ *
+ * Built empirically and from the Fujitsu Frontech F56-BDU Error Code List
+ * (K3KD03234–K3KD03236-0001, ed. E02). Entries are keyed by the full two-byte
+ * code, or by the first byte for families where the second byte is a
+ * parameter (`85 0n` = pick from another safe n; `B5 ..` = reject-box
+ * overflow). An unknown code fails SAFE: terminal, so an unfamiliar fault
+ * latches cash-out off rather than letting the next customer pay into it.
+ *
+ * Add a row when a code occurs. Each row's `observed` is the first machine
+ * and date we saw it, so the table doubles as the incident log.
+ */
+
+import type { DispenseErrorClass, DispenseErrorInfo } from '../error-codes.js'
+
+export const F56_ERROR_CODE = 'F56DispenseError'
+
+interface F56ErrorEntry {
+  errorClass: DispenseErrorClass
+  human: string
+  /** First observed — machine, date. Empty for spec-only entries. */
+  observed?: string
+}
+
+/** Exact two-byte codes. */
+const EXACT: Record<string, F56ErrorEntry> = {
+  '78 42': {
+    errorClass: 'terminal',
+    human: 'Note stopped at the cassette exit — open the unit and clear the transport path',
+    observed: 'sintra, 2026-10-09',
+  },
+  '82 00': {
+    errorClass: 'recoverable',
+    human: 'Bill length check failed (long) — note read longer than the configured window',
+    observed: 'tejo (GTQ), 2026-09-26',
+  },
+  '83 00': {
+    errorClass: 'recoverable',
+    human: 'Bill length check failed (short)',
+  },
+  '84 00': {
+    errorClass: 'recoverable',
+    human: 'Bill thickness check failed — possible double pick or damaged note',
+  },
+  '86 00': {
+    errorClass: 'recoverable',
+    human: 'Bill spacing error — notes too close together on the transport',
+  },
+}
+
+/** Families keyed by the first byte; the second byte is a parameter. */
+const FAMILY: Record<string, F56ErrorEntry> = {
+  '85': {
+    errorClass: 'recoverable',
+    human: 'Pick from another safe — the note came from a different cassette than commanded',
+  },
+  B5: {
+    errorClass: 'terminal',
+    human: 'Reject box overflow — empty the reject tray',
+  },
+}
+
+/** Normalise '78 42', '7842', '78-42', lowercase, etc. to 'XX YY'. */
+export function normaliseF56Code(raw: string): string {
+  const hex = raw.replace(/[^0-9a-fA-F]/g, '').toUpperCase()
+  if (hex.length !== 4) return raw.trim().toUpperCase()
+  return `${hex.slice(0, 2)} ${hex.slice(2, 4)}`
+}
+
+export function decodeF56Error(rawCode: string | undefined): DispenseErrorInfo {
+  if (!rawCode) {
+    // No frame came back at all — serial timeout, port closed, framing error.
+    // The transport is in an unknown state; treat as terminal.
+    return {
+      errorCode: F56_ERROR_CODE,
+      errorClass: 'terminal',
+      human: 'Dispenser did not answer — serial timeout or framing error',
+    }
+  }
+  const code = normaliseF56Code(rawCode)
+  const exact = EXACT[code]
+  if (exact) {
+    return { errorCode: F56_ERROR_CODE, rawCode: code, errorClass: exact.errorClass, human: exact.human }
+  }
+  const family = FAMILY[code.slice(0, 2)]
+  if (family) {
+    return { errorCode: F56_ERROR_CODE, rawCode: code, errorClass: family.errorClass, human: family.human }
+  }
+  return {
+    errorCode: F56_ERROR_CODE,
+    rawCode: code,
+    errorClass: 'terminal',
+    human: `Unrecognised dispenser error ${code} — treat as a jam until decoded`,
+  }
+}
+
+/** For the operator glossary: every known code with its class and meaning. */
+export function listF56ErrorCodes(): Array<{ code: string; errorClass: DispenseErrorClass; human: string; observed?: string }> {
+  return [
+    ...Object.entries(EXACT).map(([code, e]) => ({ code, ...e })),
+    ...Object.entries(FAMILY).map(([code, e]) => ({ code: `${code} ..`, ...e })),
+  ]
+}

packages/hal/src/dispensers/f56/f56-rs232.ts

@@ -134,6 +134,8 @@ export async function initialize(currency: string, denominations: number[]): Pro
 export interface BillCountResult {
   bills: Array<{ dispensed: number; rejected: number }>
   error?: Error
+  /** BDU error code from bytes 3–4 of an 0xF0 frame, e.g. '78 42'. */
+  rawCode?: string
 }
 
 export async function billCount(counts: number[]): Promise<BillCountResult> {
@@ -172,9 +174,10 @@ export async function billCount(counts: number[]): Promise<BillCountResult> {
 
   if (res[0] === 0xf0) {
     console.log('response', res)
-    const errorCode = res.subarray(3, 5)
+    const rawCode = prettyHex(res.subarray(3, 5))
-    response.error = new Error(`Dispensing, code: ${prettyHex(errorCode)}`)
+    response.rawCode = rawCode
-    console.error(`found error code: ${prettyHex(errorCode)}`)
+    response.error = new Error(`Dispensing, code: ${rawCode}`)
+    console.error(`found error code: ${rawCode}`)
   }
 
   return response

packages/hal/src/dispensers/f56/index.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@
  */
 
 import * as f56 from './f56-rs232.js'
+import { decodeF56Error } from './error-codes.js'
+import { tagDispenseError, type DispenseError } from '../error-codes.js'
 import type {
   BillDispenser,
   DispenserConfig,
@@ -51,23 +53,28 @@ export class F56Dispenser implements BillDispenser {
     }
   }
 
-  async dispense(notes: number[]): Promise<{ value: DispenseResult[]; error?: Error }> {
+  /**
+   * On any failure the port is closed so the next attempt re-initialises;
+   * the error is tagged with the ADR-005 taxonomy (class + decoded meaning)
+   * so the caller can route it. No statusCode: lamassu's 570 meant
+   * "insufficient funds" to its server and sent operators to refill full
+   * cassettes after jams.
+   */
+  async dispense(notes: number[]): Promise<{ value: DispenseResult[]; error?: DispenseError }> {
     try {
-      const { bills, error } = await f56.billCount(notes)
+      const { bills, error, rawCode } = await f56.billCount(notes)
 
       if (error) {
         await this.close()
-        ;(error as Error & { name: string; statusCode: number }).name = 'F56DispenseError'
+        return { value: bills, error: tagDispenseError(error, decodeF56Error(rawCode)) }
-        ;(error as Error & { statusCode: number }).statusCode = 570
       }
 
-      return { value: bills, error }
+      return { value: bills }
     } catch (err) {
       await this.close()
-      const error = err as Error
+      const error = err instanceof Error ? err : new Error(String(err))
-      ;(error as Error & { name: string; statusCode: number }).name = 'F56DispenseError'
+      // No frame: serial timeout / framing. decodeF56Error(undefined) → terminal.
-      ;(error as Error & { statusCode: number }).statusCode = 570
+      return { value: [], error: tagDispenseError(error, decodeF56Error(undefined)) }
-      return { value: [], error }
     }
   }
 

packages/hal/src/dispensers/puloon/index.ts

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import type {
   DispenserInitData,
   DispenseResult,
 } from '../../types.js'
+import { tagDispenseError, type DispenseError } from '../error-codes.js'
 
 export class PuloonDispenser implements BillDispenser {
   public type: string = 'Puloon'
@@ -46,16 +47,26 @@ export class PuloonDispenser implements BillDispenser {
     }
   }
 
-  async dispense(notes: number[]): Promise<{ value: DispenseResult[]; error?: Error }> {
+  async dispense(notes: number[]): Promise<{ value: DispenseResult[]; error?: DispenseError }> {
     const { bills, error } = await this.device.dispense(notes)
 
     if (error) {
       await this.close()
-      error.name = 'PuloonDispenseError'
       console.log('PULOON | dispense error', error)
+      // No decode table for the LCDM yet: every fault is terminal until one
+      // exists, so an unknown Puloon error latches cash-out off (ADR-005 §7).
+      return {
+        value: bills,
+        error: tagDispenseError(error, {
+          errorCode: 'PuloonDispenseError',
+          rawCode: (error as Error & { code?: string }).code,
+          errorClass: 'terminal',
+          human: `Puloon dispense error: ${error.message}`,
+        }),
+      }
     }
 
-    return { value: bills, error }
+    return { value: bills }
   }
 
   async close(): Promise<void> {

packages/hal/src/index.ts

@@ -57,5 +57,20 @@ export type {
   DispenserFactory,
 } from './types.js'
 
+// Dispense error taxonomy (ADR-005 §7)
+export {
+  tagDispenseError,
+  isDispenseError,
+  type DispenseError,
+  type DispenseErrorClass,
+  type DispenseErrorInfo,
+} from './dispensers/error-codes.js'
+export {
+  decodeF56Error,
+  listF56ErrorCodes,
+  normaliseF56Code,
+  F56_ERROR_CODE,
+} from './dispensers/f56/error-codes.js'
+
 // Utilities
 export { compute as computeCrc } from './utils/crc.js'

packages/hal/src/types.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+import type { DispenseError } from './dispensers/error-codes.js'
+
 import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events'
 
 /**
@@ -176,7 +178,8 @@ export interface BillDispenser {
    */
   dispense(notes: number[]): Promise<{
     value: DispenseResult[]
-    error?: Error
+    /** Tagged with the ADR-005 taxonomy — see dispensers/error-codes.ts */
+    error?: DispenseError
   }>
 
   /**

packages/lnbits/src/client.ts

@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@ import type {
   CreateWithdrawResult,
   LnbitsWithdrawLink,
   UniqueHashesResponse,
+  DispenseReportBody,
+  DispenseReportAck,
 } from './types.js'
 
 const LNBITS_KIND_RPC = 21000
@@ -234,6 +236,18 @@ export class LnbitsClient {
     )
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Report a cash-out's dispense outcome (ADR-005 §2). Sent on success and on
+   * failure; the success report is what captures the settlement server-side.
+   * Idempotent on `txid` (the server upserts), so it is safe to retry — and the
+   * caller keeps it in a durable outbox and resends until this resolves.
+   * Rejects with LnbitsRpcError while spirekeeper has not registered the RPC;
+   * the outbox treats that like any other transient failure.
+   */
+  async reportDispense(body: DispenseReportBody): Promise<DispenseReportAck> {
+    return this.idempotent(() => this.sendRpc<DispenseReportAck>('report_dispense', { body }))
+  }
+
   // ============================================================================
   // Invoices
   // ============================================================================

packages/lnbits/src/index.ts

@@ -80,4 +80,8 @@ export type {
   UniqueHashEntry,
   UniqueHashesResponse,
   LnbitsPayLink,
+  DispenseReportBody,
+  DispenseReportAck,
+  DispenseReportBill,
+  DispenseReportCassette,
 } from './types.js'

packages/lnbits/src/types.ts

@@ -310,3 +310,66 @@ export interface MachineConfigResponse {
   /** Freshness watermark (unix s) for the consumer's fee-config replay guard. */
   created_at: number
 }
+
+
+// ============================================================================
+// Dispense outcome report (ADR-005 §2) — machine → spirekeeper `report_dispense`
+// ============================================================================
+
+/** Per-denomination outcome. `requested` is what the sale asked for. */
+export interface DispenseReportBill {
+  denomination: number
+  requested: number
+  dispensed: number
+  rejected: number
+}
+
+/** Per-bay outcome, verbatim from the machine's cassette_bills row. */
+export interface DispenseReportCassette {
+  position: number
+  denomination: number
+  provisioned: number
+  dispensed: number
+  rejected: number
+}
+
+/**
+ * One cash-out's dispense outcome, sent on SUCCESS as well as failure — the
+ * success report is what captures the settlement server-side. Field names
+ * follow lamassu-server's cash_out_txs / cash_out_actions (dispense_confirmed,
+ * error, error_code) so the server's model lines up with ten years of prior
+ * art. Idempotent on `txid`: the machine resends until acked, the server
+ * upserts.
+ */
+export interface DispenseReportBody {
+  txid: string
+  /** Hash of the invoice the customer paid — the join key to the LNbits payment. */
+  payment_hash: string | null
+  tx_type: 'cash_out'
+  /** Σ(denomination × dispensed) === requested fiat value (computed on value). */
+  dispense_confirmed: boolean
+  /** Human message; null on success. */
+  error: string | null
+  /** The error's NAME, e.g. 'F56DispenseError'; null on success. */
+  error_code: string | null
+  /** Driver-native code, e.g. '78 42'; null when none. */
+  raw_code: string | null
+  error_class: 'terminal' | 'recoverable' | 'inventory' | null
+  fiat_cents: number
+  currency: string
+  bills: DispenseReportBill[]
+  cassettes: DispenseReportCassette[]
+  /** The machine could not vouch for its bay counts after this dispense. */
+  counts_uncertain: boolean
+  /** Set when this report closes an earlier failed txid via manual dispense. */
+  remediates_txid?: string
+  /** unix seconds the outcome was recorded on the machine */
+  at: number
+}
+
+/** Server acknowledgement. `settlement_status` is what the server moved the settlement to. */
+export interface DispenseReportAck {
+  txid: string
+  received: boolean
+  settlement_status?: string
+}

packages/state-machine/src/__tests__/machine.test.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ describe('ATM State Machine', () => {
     sendNostrReceipt: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(undefined),
     dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
       bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 1, rejected: 0 }],
-      dispensed: true,
+      dispenseConfirmed: true,
     } satisfies DispenseCashResult),
     getExchangeRate: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(2500), // 2500 sats per USD
     getAvailableBalance: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(1_000_000), // 1M sats available
@@ -397,127 +397,224 @@ describe('ATM State Machine', () => {
     })
   })
 
-  describe('dispense error handling', () => {
+  describe('dispense outcome (ADR-005 §3–§5)', () => {
-    it('should route to waitingForCashTaken when dispenseCash returns dispensed: true', async () => {
+    /** Drive a 1 × $20 cash-out to the dispense and return the actor. */
-      const machine = createATMMachine(mockServices)
+    async function dispenseWith(result: DispenseCashResult, fake = false) {
-      const actor = createActor(machine)
+      const services: ATMServices = { ...mockServices, dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue(result) }
+      const actor = createActor(createATMMachine(services))
       actor.start()
-
+      const tick = async (ms: number) =>
+        fake ? vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(ms) : new Promise((r) => setTimeout(r, ms))
       actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+      await tick(100)
-
       actor.send({ type: 'ADD_DENOMINATION', denomination: 20 })
       actor.send({ type: 'CONFIRM_AMOUNT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+      await tick(100)
-
       actor.send({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage: 'preimage123' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
+      await tick(100)
+      return actor
+    }
 
+    it('completes only on dispenseConfirmed (value equality), never on a driver boolean', async () => {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 1, rejected: 0 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: true,
+      })
       const state = actor.getSnapshot()
-      // dispenseCash mock returns { dispensed: true }, so should go to waitingForCashTaken
       expect(state.value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'waitingForCashTaken' })
       expect(state.context.cashDispensed).toBe(true)
-      expect(state.context.dispenseResult?.dispensed).toBe(true)
+      expect(state.context.dispenseResult?.dispenseConfirmed).toBe(true)
+      expect(state.context.cashOutHeld).toBeNull()
     })
 
-    it('should route to dispenseError when dispenseCash returns dispensed: false', async () => {
+    it('routes a hardware error to dispenseFault — the customer has paid and is owed', async () => {
-      const failDispenseServices: ATMServices = {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
-        ...mockServices,
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
-        dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
-          bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 1 }],
+        error: 'Note stopped at the cassette exit',
-          dispensed: false,
+        errorCode: 'F56DispenseError',
-          error: 'Cassette jam',
+        rawCode: '78 42',
-        } satisfies DispenseCashResult),
+        errorClass: 'terminal',
-      }
+      })
-
-      const machine = createATMMachine(failDispenseServices)
-      const actor = createActor(machine)
-      actor.start()
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'ADD_DENOMINATION', denomination: 20 })
-      actor.send({ type: 'CONFIRM_AMOUNT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage: 'preimage123' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
       const state = actor.getSnapshot()
-      expect(state.value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseError' })
+      expect(state.value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
       expect(state.context.cashDispensed).toBe(false)
-      expect(state.context.dispenseResult?.dispensed).toBe(false)
+      expect(state.context.error).toBe('Note stopped at the cassette exit')
-      expect(state.context.dispenseResult?.error).toBe('Cassette jam')
+      expect(state.context.dispenseResult?.rawCode).toBe('78 42')
-      expect(state.context.error).toBe('Cassette jam')
     })
 
-    it('should auto-idle after 30s in dispenseError state', async () => {
+    it('a terminal fault latches cash-out off; idle refuses SELECT_CASH_OUT until released', async () => {
-      vi.useFakeTimers()
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
-
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
-      const failDispenseServices: ATMServices = {
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
-        ...mockServices,
+        error: 'jam',
-        dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+        errorCode: 'F56DispenseError',
-          bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+        rawCode: '78 42',
-          dispensed: false,
+        errorClass: 'terminal',
-          error: 'Out of cash',
+      })
-        } satisfies DispenseCashResult),
+      const hold = actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld
-      }
+      expect(hold).not.toBeNull()
-
+      expect(hold?.errorCode).toBe('F56DispenseError')
-      const machine = createATMMachine(failDispenseServices)
+      expect(hold?.rawCode).toBe('78 42')
-      const actor = createActor(machine)
+      expect(typeof hold?.since).toBe('number')
-      actor.start()
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
-      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'ADD_DENOMINATION', denomination: 20 })
-      actor.send({ type: 'CONFIRM_AMOUNT' })
-      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage: 'preimage123' })
-      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
-
-      // Should be in dispenseError
-      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseError' })
-
-      // Advance 30s
-      await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(30000)
-
-      // Should have auto-idled
-      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
-
-      vi.useRealTimers()
-    })
-
-    it('should allow CANCEL from dispenseError to go to idle immediately', async () => {
-      const failDispenseServices: ATMServices = {
-        ...mockServices,
-        dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
-          bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
-          dispensed: false,
-          error: 'Jam',
-        } satisfies DispenseCashResult),
-      }
-
-      const machine = createATMMachine(failDispenseServices)
-      const actor = createActor(machine)
-      actor.start()
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'ADD_DENOMINATION', denomination: 20 })
-      actor.send({ type: 'CONFIRM_AMOUNT' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
-      actor.send({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage: 'preimage123' })
-      await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, 100))
-
-      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseError' })
 
       actor.send({ type: 'CANCEL' })
       expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+      // The hold survives resetContext — it is machine health, not transaction state.
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld).not.toBeNull()
+
+      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+
+      // Only an operator op releases it (the store sends this on recount / resume_cash_out).
+      actor.send({ type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld).toBeNull()
+      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: expect.anything() })
+    })
+
+    it('a hold gates cash-out only — cash-in is unaffected by a dispenser fault', () => {
+      const actor = createActor(createATMMachine(mockServices))
+      actor.start()
+      actor.send({
+        type: 'CASH_OUT_HELD',
+        hold: { reason: 'jam', errorCode: 'F56DispenseError', rawCode: '78 42', since: 1 },
+      })
+      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_IN' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashIn: expect.anything() })
+    })
+
+    it('a recoverable fault shows the fault screen but does NOT latch', async () => {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 1 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+        error: 'Bill length check failed (long)',
+        errorCode: 'F56DispenseError',
+        rawCode: '82 00',
+        errorClass: 'recoverable',
+      })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('a partial WITH an error is a fault (owed the shortfall), not out-of-cash', async () => {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 1, rejected: 1 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+        error: 'jam after first note',
+        errorCode: 'F56DispenseError',
+        rawCode: '78 42',
+        errorClass: 'terminal',
+      })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
+    })
+
+    it('an inventory refusal (nothing asked of the hardware) is outOfCash, and does not latch', async () => {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+        error: 'Insufficient inventory for denomination 20: short 1',
+        errorCode: 'InsufficientInventory',
+        errorClass: 'inventory',
+      })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'outOfCash' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('a shortfall with NO error is outOfCash', async () => {
+      const actor = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+      })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'outOfCash' })
+    })
+
+    it('a persisted hold restored on boot gates cash-out before any dispense', () => {
+      const actor = createActor(createATMMachine(mockServices))
+      actor.start()
+      actor.send({
+        type: 'CASH_OUT_HELD',
+        hold: { reason: 'jam', errorCode: 'F56DispenseError', rawCode: '78 42', since: 1791529353 },
+      })
+      actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+      expect(actor.getSnapshot().context.cashOutHeld?.since).toBe(1791529353)
+    })
+
+    it('outOfCash auto-returns after 30s; dispenseFault gives the customer 120s', async () => {
+      vi.useFakeTimers()
+      try {
+        const ooc = await dispenseWith(
+          { bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }], dispenseConfirmed: false },
+          true
+        )
+        expect(ooc.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'outOfCash' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(30000)
+        expect(ooc.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+
+        const fault = await dispenseWith(
+          {
+            bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
+            error: 'jam',
+            errorCode: 'F56DispenseError',
+            errorClass: 'recoverable',
+          },
+          true
+        )
+        expect(fault.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(30000)
+        expect(fault.getSnapshot().value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(90000)
+        expect(fault.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+      } finally {
+        vi.useRealTimers()
+      }
+    })
+
+    it('the customer can acknowledge the fault screen or cancel; both return to idle', async () => {
+      const a = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+        error: 'jam',
+        errorClass: 'recoverable',
+      })
+      a.send({ type: 'ACKNOWLEDGE_FAULT' })
+      expect(a.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+
+      const b = await dispenseWith({
+        bills: [{ denomination: 20, dispensed: 0, rejected: 0 }],
+        dispenseConfirmed: false,
+        error: 'jam',
+        errorClass: 'recoverable',
+      })
+      b.send({ type: 'CANCEL' })
+      expect(b.getSnapshot().value).toBe('idle')
+    })
+
+    it('a hung dispense (timeout) is a terminal fault and latches', async () => {
+      vi.useFakeTimers()
+      try {
+        const hang: ATMServices = {
+          ...mockServices,
+          dispenseCash: vi.fn().mockReturnValue(new Promise(() => {})),
+        }
+        const actor = createActor(createATMMachine(hang))
+        actor.start()
+        actor.send({ type: 'SELECT_CASH_OUT' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
+        actor.send({ type: 'ADD_DENOMINATION', denomination: 20 })
+        actor.send({ type: 'CONFIRM_AMOUNT' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(100)
+        actor.send({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage: 'p' })
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(120000 + 10)
+        const s = actor.getSnapshot()
+        expect(s.value).toMatchObject({ cashOut: 'dispenseFault' })
+        expect(s.context.dispenseResult?.errorCode).toBe('DispenseTimeout')
+        expect(s.context.cashOutHeld).not.toBeNull()
+      } finally {
+        vi.useRealTimers()
+      }
     })
   })
 

packages/state-machine/src/machine.ts

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   type ATMContext,
   type ATMEvent,
   type DispenseCashResult,
+  type CashOutHold,
   initialContext,
   type ATMServices,
   type OfferRequestEvent,
@@ -148,8 +149,8 @@ export function createATMMachine(
         }
         // Extract payment hash from invoice (simplified - real impl would decode BOLT11)
         // The service handles the actual extraction
-        const cleanup = services.watchInvoice(input.invoice, (preimage: string) => {
+        const cleanup = services.watchInvoice(input.invoice, (preimage, paymentHash) => {
-          sendBack({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage })
+          sendBack({ type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED', preimage, paymentHash })
         })
         return cleanup
       }),
@@ -184,6 +185,9 @@ export function createATMMachine(
         // without this the just-granted session would be wiped. The session is
         // cleared instead on re-lock (locked's entry), i.e. when access ends.
         accessSession: context.accessSession,
+        // The cash-out latch is machine health, not transaction state — it
+        // survives every reset until an operator op releases it.
+        cashOutHeld: context.cashOutHeld,
         cashInSessionId: null,
         dispenseResult: null,
       })),
@@ -315,6 +319,10 @@ export function createATMMachine(
           if (event.type !== 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED') return null
           return event.preimage
         },
+        paymentHash: ({ event }) => {
+          if (event.type !== 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED') return null
+          return event.paymentHash ?? null
+        },
       }),
       setPaymentFailed: assign({
         paymentStatus: () => 'failed' as const,
@@ -332,6 +340,37 @@ export function createATMMachine(
           return output?.error ?? null
         },
       }),
+      // ADR-005 §5: a terminal fault latches cash-out off. Idempotent — an
+      // existing hold is kept (its `since` is the first fault, which is what
+      // the operator wants to know).
+      latchCashOutIfTerminal: assign({
+        cashOutHeld: ({ context }) => {
+          if (context.cashOutHeld) return context.cashOutHeld
+          const dr = context.dispenseResult
+          if (dr?.errorClass !== 'terminal') return null
+          return {
+            reason: dr.error ?? 'terminal dispenser fault',
+            errorCode: dr.errorCode ?? null,
+            rawCode: dr.rawCode ?? null,
+            since: Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000),
+          } satisfies CashOutHold
+        },
+      }),
+      setCashOutHeld: assign({
+        cashOutHeld: ({ event }) => (event.type === 'CASH_OUT_HELD' ? event.hold : null),
+      }),
+      clearCashOutHeld: assign({ cashOutHeld: null }),
+      setDispenseTimeoutError: assign({
+        error: () => 'Dispense timed out — hardware may be jammed',
+        dispenseResult: ({ context }) =>
+          context.dispenseResult ?? {
+            bills: [],
+            dispenseConfirmed: false,
+            error: 'Dispense timed out — hardware may be jammed',
+            errorCode: 'DispenseTimeout',
+            errorClass: 'terminal' as const,
+          },
+      }),
       setAmount: assign({
         fiatCents: ({ event }) => {
           if (event.type !== 'SELECT_AMOUNT') return 0
@@ -458,6 +497,18 @@ export function createATMMachine(
         return principalSats - fee <= context.availableBalance
       },
       // Cash-out guards
+      // ADR-005 §5: no cash-out while latched. The idle screen shows why.
+      cashOutAvailable: ({ context }) => context.cashOutHeld === null,
+      // ADR-005 §3/§4: only value equality completes a dispense.
+      dispenseConfirmed: ({ event }) =>
+        (event as unknown as { output?: DispenseCashResult }).output?.dispenseConfirmed === true,
+      // A shortfall WITH a hardware error is a fault (customer paid, is owed);
+      // a shortfall with none, or an inventory refusal, is out-of-cash.
+      dispenseHadFault: ({ event }) => {
+        const out = (event as unknown as { output?: DispenseCashResult }).output
+        if (!out?.error) return false
+        return out.errorClass !== 'inventory'
+      },
       hasSelectedAmount: ({ context }) => context.cashOutSelection.length > 0,
       canAddDenomination: ({ context, event }) => {
         if (event.type !== 'ADD_DENOMINATION') return false
@@ -477,7 +528,10 @@ export function createATMMachine(
       INVOICE_TIMEOUT: 300000, // 5 minutes — waiting for payment
       COMPLETE_DELAY: 60000,
       DISPENSE_TIMEOUT: 120000, // 2 min max for hardware to respond
-      DISPENSE_ERROR_TIMEOUT: 30000, // 30s like brain.js _timedState
+      DISPENSE_ERROR_TIMEOUT: 30000, // out-of-cash: 30s like brain.js _timedState
+      // Fault screen: the customer has paid and is owed money; give them time
+      // to photograph/write down the reference (ADR-005 §4).
+      DISPENSE_FAULT_TIMEOUT: 120000,
       // NOTE: idle inactivity re-lock + hard session cap are enforced at the
       // DOM layer (useSessionSecurity), not as XState `after` delays — see the
       // idle state comment. No IDLE_LOCK_TIMEOUT delay here by design.
@@ -513,6 +567,11 @@ export function createATMMachine(
           cashOutFeeFraction: ({ event }) => event.cashOutFeeFraction,
         }),
       },
+      // ADR-005 §5 — the store restores a persisted hold on boot and
+      // releases it when an operator op lands. Root-level so it applies in
+      // any state; it only gates entry to cashOut, never an in-flight sale.
+      CASH_OUT_HELD: { actions: 'setCashOutHeld' },
+      CASH_OUT_RELEASED: { actions: 'clearCashOutHeld' },
     },
     states: {
       // === ACCESS GATE (ADR-003) ===
@@ -557,6 +616,7 @@ export function createATMMachine(
             actions: ['setStartTime', 'setCashInFee'],
           },
           SELECT_CASH_OUT: {
+            guard: 'cashOutAvailable',
             target: 'cashOut',
             actions: ['setStartTime', 'setCashOutFee'],
           },
@@ -861,13 +921,12 @@ export function createATMMachine(
           },
           dispensingCash: {
             // Safety timeout: if dispenseCash promise hangs (hardware jam,
-            // serial port freeze), don't stay here forever.
+            // serial port freeze), don't stay here forever. A hang is a
+            // terminal fault — the transport state is unknown.
             after: {
               DISPENSE_TIMEOUT: {
-                target: 'dispenseError',
+                target: 'dispenseFault',
-                actions: assign({
+                actions: ['setDispenseTimeoutError', 'latchCashOutIfTerminal'],
-                  error: () => 'Dispense timed out — hardware may be jammed',
-                }),
               },
             },
             invoke: {
@@ -875,21 +934,31 @@ export function createATMMachine(
               input: ({ context }) => context.dispenseAmounts,
               onDone: [
                 {
-                  guard: ({ event }) =>
+                  // ADR-005 §3: value equality, nothing else, completes.
-                    (event.output as unknown as DispenseCashResult | undefined)?.dispensed === true,
+                  guard: 'dispenseConfirmed',
                   target: 'waitingForCashTaken',
                   actions: ['setCashDispensed', 'setDispenseResult'],
                 },
                 {
-                  // Partial or failed dispense
+                  // ADR-005 §4: a hardware error means the customer has paid
-                  target: 'dispenseError',
+                  // and is owed — the fault screen, with evidence. A terminal
+                  // class also latches cash-out off (§5).
+                  guard: 'dispenseHadFault',
+                  target: 'dispenseFault',
+                  actions: ['setDispenseResult', 'latchCashOutIfTerminal'],
+                },
+                {
+                  // Shortfall with no hardware error, or an inventory refusal
+                  // before anything was asked of the dispenser.
+                  target: 'outOfCash',
                   actions: 'setDispenseResult',
                 },
               ],
               onError: {
-                // Unexpected crash (not a dispense failure)
+                // The service threw (not a reported dispense failure). No
-                target: 'dispenseError',
+                // per-bay report exists — the store flags counts unverified.
-                actions: 'setError',
+                target: 'dispenseFault',
+                actions: ['setError', 'latchCashOutIfTerminal'],
               },
             },
           },
@@ -930,9 +999,26 @@ export function createATMMachine(
               CANCEL: '#atm.locked',
             },
           },
-          dispenseError: {
+          // ADR-005 §4 — two terminal states replace the old dispenseError.
-            // Payment received but cash not (fully) dispensed.
+          //
-            // Show error + txid for 30s, then auto-idle (matches brain.js _timedState).
+          // dispenseFault: the dispenser reported an error. The customer HAS
+          // PAID and is owed the shortfall. The screen carries the txid, the
+          // payment hash, the amounts and a statement that the operator has
+          // been notified — this is lamassu's fiatTransactionError ("the
+          // right prompt when they have paid and are owed money"), not the
+          // out-of-cash screen a jam used to show.
+          dispenseFault: {
+            after: {
+              DISPENSE_FAULT_TIMEOUT: '#atm.locked',
+            },
+            on: {
+              ACKNOWLEDGE_FAULT: '#atm.locked',
+              CANCEL: '#atm.locked',
+            },
+          },
+          // outOfCash: the request could not be met and the dispenser
+          // reported NO error — nothing was charged beyond what was dispensed.
+          outOfCash: {
             after: {
               DISPENSE_ERROR_TIMEOUT: '#atm.locked',
             },

packages/state-machine/src/types.ts

@@ -21,18 +21,48 @@ export interface CassetteBillResult {
   rejected: number
 }
 
-/** Result of a dispense operation (always resolves, never throws) */
+/** How a dispense error should be routed — see @bitSpire/hal dispensers/error-codes.ts */
+export type DispenseErrorClass = 'terminal' | 'recoverable' | 'inventory'
+
+/** Result of a dispense operation (always resolves, never throws) — ADR-005 §3 */
 export interface DispenseCashResult {
   /** Per-denomination results (what was actually dispensed) */
   bills: { denomination: number; dispensed: number; rejected: number }[]
-  /** Whether the full requested amount was dispensed */
+  /**
-  dispensed: boolean
+   * Σ(denomination × dispensed) equals the requested fiat value. Computed by
-  /** Error message if dispense failed or was partial */
+   * the HAL on VALUE, never taken from a driver boolean. This is lamassu's
+   * `dispenseConfirmed` and it is the only thing that routes to `complete`.
+   */
+  dispenseConfirmed: boolean
+  /** Human-readable message if dispense failed or was partial */
   error?: string
+  /** The error's NAME, machine-readable — e.g. 'F56DispenseError' */
+  errorCode?: string
+  /** Driver-native code for the decode table — e.g. '78 42' */
+  rawCode?: string
+  /**
+   * terminal → dispenseFault + latch cash-out; recoverable → dispenseFault;
+   * inventory → outOfCash (nothing was asked of the hardware).
+   */
+  errorClass?: DispenseErrorClass
   /** Per-cassette detail (position-aware, produced by HAL) */
   cassettes?: CassetteBillResult[]
 }
 
+/**
+ * Cash-out is latched off after a terminal dispenser fault (ADR-005 §5).
+ * Set by the machine when a fault lands; persisted and restored by the
+ * store; cleared only by an operator `recount` or `resume_cash_out` op —
+ * never by re-initialising the dispenser, which does not move a stuck note.
+ */
+export interface CashOutHold {
+  reason: string
+  errorCode: string | null
+  rawCode: string | null
+  /** unix seconds */
+  since: number
+}
+
 /** Payment methods supported */
 export type PaymentMethod = 'clink_offer' | 'lnurl_withdraw' | 'invoice' | 'cashu'
 
@@ -122,6 +152,12 @@ export interface ATMContext {
   paymentStatus: PaymentStatus
   /** Payment preimage (proof of payment) */
   preimage: string | null
+  /**
+   * Payment hash of the settled invoice — the join key to the LNbits payment
+   * the operator sees. Shown on the dispense-fault screen (ADR-005 §4) so a
+   * customer who is owed money leaves with the reference the server indexes.
+   */
+  paymentHash: string | null
   /** Payment method used */
   paymentMethod: PaymentMethod | null
   /** Pending offer request (Kind 21001 from user's wallet) */
@@ -157,6 +193,8 @@ export interface ATMContext {
   retryCount: number
   /** Result from the last dispense operation */
   dispenseResult: DispenseCashResult | null
+  /** Cash-out latched off after a terminal fault; null = available (ADR-005 §5) */
+  cashOutHeld: CashOutHold | null
 
   // Transaction metadata
   /** Unique transaction ID */
@@ -199,8 +237,14 @@ export type ATMEvent =
   | { type: 'BILL_REJECTED'; reason: string }
   | { type: 'CASH_DISPENSED' }
   | { type: 'DISPENSE_ERROR'; error: string }
+  // Customer acknowledges the fault screen ("I've saved this reference")
+  | { type: 'ACKNOWLEDGE_FAULT' }
+  // Cash-out latch (ADR-005 §5): the store restores a persisted hold on boot
+  // and releases it when an operator recount / resume_cash_out op lands.
+  | { type: 'CASH_OUT_HELD'; hold: CashOutHold }
+  | { type: 'CASH_OUT_RELEASED' }
   // Payment events
-  | { type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED'; preimage: string }
+  | { type: 'PAYMENT_RECEIVED'; preimage: string; paymentHash?: string }
   | { type: 'PAYMENT_FAILED'; error: string }
   | { type: 'INVOICE_GENERATED'; invoice: string }
   | { type: 'OFFER_GENERATED'; offer: string }
@@ -245,6 +289,7 @@ export const initialContext: ATMContext = {
   lnurlWithdraw: null,
   paymentStatus: null,
   preimage: null,
+  paymentHash: null,
   paymentMethod: null,
   pendingOfferRequest: null,
   billsInserted: [],
@@ -258,6 +303,7 @@ export const initialContext: ATMContext = {
   error: null,
   retryCount: 0,
   dispenseResult: null,
+  cashOutHeld: null,
   txid: null,
   startedAt: null,
   cashInSessionId: null,
@@ -306,7 +352,10 @@ export interface ATMServices {
    * Watch an invoice for payment (polling-based)
    * Calls the callback when paid, returns cleanup function
    */
-  watchInvoice: (paymentHash: string, callback: (preimage: string) => void) => () => void
+  watchInvoice: (
+    invoice: string,
+    callback: (preimage: string, paymentHash?: string) => void
+  ) => () => void
   /**
    * Get available inventory: denomination -> count
    */