Replace NIP-04 messaging with NIP-17 (NIP-44 + NIP-59 gift wrapping)

Modernize the entire customer-merchant communication layer from deprecated
NIP-04 (kind 4, AES-256-CBC) to NIP-17 private direct messages using
NIP-44 v2 encryption (ChaCha20 + HMAC-SHA256) and NIP-59 gift wrapping
(rumor/seal/gift-wrap protocol). No backwards compatibility retained.

New modules:
- nostr/nip44.py: NIP-44 v2 encryption verified against official spec vectors
- nostr/nip59.py: NIP-59 gift wrap with wrap/unwrap convenience functions
- tests/: 44 unit tests for NIP-44 and NIP-59

Key changes:
- Subscription filters: kind 4 → kind 1059 gift wraps
- Message handler: _handle_nip04_message → _handle_gift_wrap (unwrap + route)
- send_dm/reply_to_structured_dm: NIP-59 gift wrap to recipient + self-archive
- Merchant model: removed NIP-04 crypto methods (decrypt/encrypt/build_dm_event)
- helpers.py: removed NIP-04 functions, kept Schnorr signing + key normalization
- views_api.py: consolidated DM sending through send_dm() service function

Reliability improvements:
- Event deduplication via bounded LRU set in NostrClient
- Subscription health monitor (resubscribes after 120s of silence)
- Preserved 5-minute lenient time window from prior work

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

__init__.py

@@ -27,7 +27,11 @@ def nostrmarket_renderer():
 nostr_client: NostrClient = NostrClient()
 
 
-from .tasks import wait_for_nostr_events, wait_for_paid_invoices  # noqa
+from .tasks import (  # noqa
+    subscription_health_monitor,
+    wait_for_nostr_events,
+    wait_for_paid_invoices,
+)
 from .views import *  # noqa
 from .views_api import *  # noqa
 
@@ -65,4 +69,13 @@ def nostrmarket_start():
     task3 = create_permanent_unique_task(
         "ext_nostrmarket_wait_for_events", _wait_for_nostr_events
     )
-    scheduled_tasks.extend([task1, task2, task3])
+
+    async def _health_monitor():
+        # start after the subscription is active
+        await asyncio.sleep(20)
+        await subscription_health_monitor(nostr_client)
+
+    task4 = create_permanent_unique_task(
+        "ext_nostrmarket_health_monitor", _health_monitor
+    )
+    scheduled_tasks.extend([task1, task2, task3, task4])

description.md

@@ -5,6 +5,6 @@ Its functions include:
 - Managing products, sales, and customer communication as a merchant
 - Browsing and ordering products as a customer
 - Tracking order status and delivery
-- Communicating via NIP-04 encrypted direct messages
+- Communicating via NIP-17 private direct messages (NIP-44 encryption + NIP-59 gift wrapping)
 
 A decentralized commerce solution for merchants and buyers who want to trade goods and services over Nostr with end-to-end encrypted communication.

helpers.py

@@ -1,55 +1,5 @@
-import base64
-import secrets
-from typing import Optional
-
 import coincurve
 from bech32 import bech32_decode, convertbits
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import padding
-from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms, modes
-
-
-def get_shared_secret(privkey: str, pubkey: str):
-    pk = coincurve.PublicKey(bytes.fromhex("02" + pubkey))
-    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(privkey))
-    shared_point = pk.multiply(sk.secret)
-
-    shared_point_bytes = shared_point.format(compressed=False)
-    x_coord = shared_point_bytes[1:33]
-    return x_coord
-
-
-def decrypt_message(encoded_message: str, encryption_key) -> str:
-    encoded_data = encoded_message.split("?iv=")
-    if len(encoded_data) == 1:
-        return encoded_data[0]
-    encoded_content, encoded_iv = encoded_data[0], encoded_data[1]
-
-    iv = base64.b64decode(encoded_iv)
-    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(encryption_key), modes.CBC(iv))
-    encrypted_content = base64.b64decode(encoded_content)
-
-    decryptor = cipher.decryptor()
-    decrypted_message = decryptor.update(encrypted_content) + decryptor.finalize()
-
-    unpadder = padding.PKCS7(128).unpadder()
-    unpadded_data = unpadder.update(decrypted_message) + unpadder.finalize()
-
-    return unpadded_data.decode()
-
-
-def encrypt_message(message: str, encryption_key, iv: Optional[bytes] = None) -> str:
-    padder = padding.PKCS7(128).padder()
-    padded_data = padder.update(message.encode()) + padder.finalize()
-
-    iv = iv if iv else secrets.token_bytes(16)
-    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.AES(encryption_key), modes.CBC(iv))
-
-    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
-    encrypted_message = encryptor.update(padded_data) + encryptor.finalize()
-
-    base64_message = base64.b64encode(encrypted_message).decode()
-    base64_iv = base64.b64encode(iv).decode()
-    return f"{base64_message}?iv={base64_iv}"
 
 
 def sign_message_hash(private_key: str, hash_: bytes) -> str:
@@ -58,17 +8,6 @@ def sign_message_hash(private_key: str, hash_: bytes) -> str:
     return sig.hex()
 
 
-def test_decrypt_encrypt(encoded_message: str, encryption_key):
-    msg = decrypt_message(encoded_message, encryption_key)
-
-    # ecrypt using the same initialisation vector
-    iv = base64.b64decode(encoded_message.split("?iv=")[1])
-    ecrypted_msg = encrypt_message(msg, encryption_key, iv)
-    assert (
-        encoded_message == ecrypted_msg
-    ), f"expected '{encoded_message}', but got '{ecrypted_msg}'"
-
-
 def normalize_public_key(pubkey: str) -> str:
     if pubkey.startswith("npub1"):
         _, decoded_data = bech32_decode(pubkey)

models.py

@@ -7,12 +7,7 @@ from typing import Any, List, Optional, Tuple
 from lnbits.utils.exchange_rates import btc_price, fiat_amount_as_satoshis
 from pydantic import BaseModel
 
-from .helpers import (
+from .helpers import sign_message_hash
-    decrypt_message,
-    encrypt_message,
-    get_shared_secret,
-    sign_message_hash,
-)
 from .nostr.event import NostrEvent
 
 ######################################## NOSTR ########################################
@@ -67,28 +62,6 @@ class Merchant(PartialMerchant, Nostrable):
     def sign_hash(self, hash_: bytes) -> str:
         return sign_message_hash(self.private_key, hash_)
 
-    def decrypt_message(self, encrypted_message: str, public_key: str) -> str:
-        encryption_key = get_shared_secret(self.private_key, public_key)
-        return decrypt_message(encrypted_message, encryption_key)
-
-    def encrypt_message(self, clear_text_message: str, public_key: str) -> str:
-        encryption_key = get_shared_secret(self.private_key, public_key)
-        return encrypt_message(clear_text_message, encryption_key)
-
-    def build_dm_event(self, message: str, to_pubkey: str) -> NostrEvent:
-        content = self.encrypt_message(message, to_pubkey)
-        event = NostrEvent(
-            pubkey=self.public_key,
-            created_at=round(time.time()),
-            kind=4,
-            tags=[["p", to_pubkey]],
-            content=content,
-        )
-        event.id = event.event_id
-        event.sig = self.sign_hash(bytes.fromhex(event.id))
-
-        return event
-
     @classmethod
     def from_row(cls, row: dict) -> "Merchant":
         merchant = cls(**row)

nostr/nip44.py

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+"""
+NIP-44 v2: Encrypted Payloads (Versioned)
+
+secp256k1 ECDH, HKDF, padding, ChaCha20, HMAC-SHA256, base64
+
+Reference: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/44.md
+"""
+
+import base64
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import math
+import secrets
+import struct
+
+import coincurve
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.ciphers import Cipher, algorithms
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.kdf.hkdf import HKDFExpand
+from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
+
+VERSION = 2
+MIN_PLAINTEXT_SIZE = 1
+MAX_PLAINTEXT_SIZE = 65535
+
+
+def get_conversation_key(private_key_hex: str, public_key_hex: str) -> bytes:
+    """
+    Calculate long-term conversation key between two users via ECDH + HKDF-extract.
+    Symmetric: get_conversation_key(a, B) == get_conversation_key(b, A)
+    """
+    pk = coincurve.PublicKey(bytes.fromhex("02" + public_key_hex))
+    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(private_key_hex))
+    shared_point = pk.multiply(sk.secret)
+    shared_x = shared_point.format(compressed=False)[1:33]
+
+    # HKDF-extract only (not expand) with salt='nip44-v2'
+    conversation_key = hmac.new(b"nip44-v2", shared_x, hashlib.sha256).digest()
+    return conversation_key
+
+
+def get_message_keys(
+    conversation_key: bytes, nonce: bytes
+) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]:
+    """
+    Derive per-message keys from conversation_key and nonce using HKDF-expand.
+    Returns (chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key).
+    """
+    if len(conversation_key) != 32:
+        raise ValueError("invalid conversation_key length")
+    if len(nonce) != 32:
+        raise ValueError("invalid nonce length")
+
+    keys = HKDFExpand(
+        algorithm=hashes.SHA256(),
+        length=76,
+        info=nonce,
+    ).derive(conversation_key)
+
+    chacha_key = keys[0:32]
+    chacha_nonce = keys[32:44]
+    hmac_key = keys[44:76]
+    return chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key
+
+
+def calc_padded_len(unpadded_len: int) -> int:
+    """Calculate padded length using power-of-two chunking."""
+    if unpadded_len <= 0:
+        raise ValueError("invalid plaintext length")
+    if unpadded_len <= 32:
+        return 32
+    next_power = 1 << (math.floor(math.log2(unpadded_len - 1)) + 1)
+    if next_power <= 256:
+        chunk = 32
+    else:
+        chunk = next_power // 8
+    return chunk * (math.floor((unpadded_len - 1) / chunk) + 1)
+
+
+def _pad(plaintext: str) -> bytes:
+    """Convert plaintext string to padded byte array."""
+    unpadded = plaintext.encode("utf-8")
+    unpadded_len = len(unpadded)
+    if unpadded_len < MIN_PLAINTEXT_SIZE or unpadded_len > MAX_PLAINTEXT_SIZE:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"invalid plaintext length: {unpadded_len} "
+            f"(must be {MIN_PLAINTEXT_SIZE}..{MAX_PLAINTEXT_SIZE})"
+        )
+    prefix = struct.pack(">H", unpadded_len)
+    padded_len = calc_padded_len(unpadded_len)
+    suffix = b"\x00" * (padded_len - unpadded_len)
+    return prefix + unpadded + suffix
+
+
+def _unpad(padded: bytes) -> str:
+    """Convert padded byte array back to plaintext string."""
+    unpadded_len = struct.unpack(">H", padded[0:2])[0]
+    unpadded = padded[2 : 2 + unpadded_len]
+    if (
+        unpadded_len == 0
+        or len(unpadded) != unpadded_len
+        or len(padded) != 2 + calc_padded_len(unpadded_len)
+    ):
+        raise ValueError("invalid padding")
+    return unpadded.decode("utf-8")
+
+
+def _hmac_aad(key: bytes, message: bytes, aad: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """HMAC-SHA256 with AAD: hmac(key, aad || message)."""
+    if len(aad) != 32:
+        raise ValueError("AAD associated data must be 32 bytes")
+    return hmac.new(key, aad + message, hashlib.sha256).digest()
+
+
+def _chacha20(key: bytes, nonce: bytes, data: bytes) -> bytes:
+    """ChaCha20 encrypt/decrypt with initial counter = 0."""
+    # cryptography's ChaCha20 takes a 16-byte nonce: 4-byte counter (LE) + 12-byte nonce
+    full_nonce = b"\x00\x00\x00\x00" + nonce
+    cipher = Cipher(algorithms.ChaCha20(key, full_nonce), mode=None)
+    encryptor = cipher.encryptor()
+    return encryptor.update(data) + encryptor.finalize()
+
+
+def _decode_payload(payload: str) -> tuple[bytes, bytes, bytes]:
+    """Decode base64 payload into (nonce, ciphertext, mac)."""
+    plen = len(payload)
+    if plen == 0 or payload[0] == "#":
+        raise ValueError("unknown version")
+    if plen < 132 or plen > 87472:
+        raise ValueError("invalid payload size")
+
+    data = base64.b64decode(payload)
+    dlen = len(data)
+    if dlen < 99 or dlen > 65603:
+        raise ValueError("invalid data size")
+
+    vers = data[0]
+    if vers != VERSION:
+        raise ValueError(f"unknown version {vers}")
+
+    nonce = data[1:33]
+    ciphertext = data[33 : dlen - 32]
+    mac = data[dlen - 32 : dlen]
+    return nonce, ciphertext, mac
+
+
+def encrypt(
+    plaintext: str,
+    conversation_key: bytes,
+    nonce: bytes | None = None,
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Encrypt plaintext using NIP-44 v2.
+    Returns base64-encoded payload.
+    """
+    if nonce is None:
+        nonce = secrets.token_bytes(32)
+    if len(nonce) != 32:
+        raise ValueError("invalid nonce length")
+
+    chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key = get_message_keys(conversation_key, nonce)
+    padded = _pad(plaintext)
+    ciphertext = _chacha20(chacha_key, chacha_nonce, padded)
+    mac = _hmac_aad(hmac_key, ciphertext, nonce)
+    return base64.b64encode(
+        struct.pack("B", VERSION) + nonce + ciphertext + mac
+    ).decode("ascii")
+
+
+def decrypt(payload: str, conversation_key: bytes) -> str:
+    """
+    Decrypt a NIP-44 v2 base64 payload.
+    Returns plaintext string.
+    """
+    nonce, ciphertext, mac = _decode_payload(payload)
+    chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key = get_message_keys(conversation_key, nonce)
+    calculated_mac = _hmac_aad(hmac_key, ciphertext, nonce)
+    if not hmac.compare_digest(calculated_mac, mac):
+        raise ValueError("invalid MAC")
+    padded_plaintext = _chacha20(chacha_key, chacha_nonce, ciphertext)
+    return _unpad(padded_plaintext)

nostr/nip59.py

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+"""
+NIP-59: Gift Wrap
+
+Three-layer protocol for metadata-protected messaging:
+  1. Rumor (unsigned event) — carries content, deniable if leaked
+  2. Seal (kind 13) — encrypts rumor, signed by author, no recipient metadata
+  3. Gift Wrap (kind 1059) — encrypts seal with ephemeral key, has recipient p-tag
+
+Reference: https://github.com/nostr-protocol/nips/blob/master/59.md
+"""
+
+import json
+import secrets
+import time
+from typing import Optional
+
+import coincurve
+
+from .event import NostrEvent
+from .nip44 import decrypt as nip44_decrypt
+from .nip44 import encrypt as nip44_encrypt
+from .nip44 import get_conversation_key
+
+TWO_DAYS = 2 * 24 * 60 * 60
+
+
+def _random_past_timestamp() -> int:
+    """Generate a timestamp randomly in the past 0-2 days for metadata protection."""
+    return int(time.time()) - secrets.randbelow(TWO_DAYS)
+
+
+def _sign_event(event: NostrEvent, private_key_hex: str) -> NostrEvent:
+    """Compute event id and sign it."""
+    event.id = event.event_id
+    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(private_key_hex))
+    event.sig = sk.sign_schnorr(bytes.fromhex(event.id)).hex()
+    return event
+
+
+def _pubkey_from_privkey(private_key_hex: str) -> str:
+    """Derive x-only public key hex from private key hex."""
+    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(private_key_hex))
+    return sk.public_key.format(compressed=True)[1:].hex()
+
+
+def create_rumor(
+    pubkey: str,
+    content: str,
+    kind: int = 14,
+    tags: Optional[list[list[str]]] = None,
+    created_at: Optional[int] = None,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Create an unsigned rumor event.
+    The event has an id but no signature, making it deniable.
+    """
+    event = NostrEvent(
+        pubkey=pubkey,
+        created_at=created_at or int(time.time()),
+        kind=kind,
+        tags=tags or [],
+        content=content,
+    )
+    event.id = event.event_id
+    # sig intentionally left as None (unsigned)
+    return event
+
+
+def create_seal(
+    rumor: NostrEvent,
+    sender_privkey: str,
+    recipient_pubkey: str,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Create a kind 13 seal: encrypts the rumor for the recipient.
+    Signed by the sender. Tags are always empty.
+    """
+    conv_key = get_conversation_key(sender_privkey, recipient_pubkey)
+    encrypted_rumor = nip44_encrypt(rumor.stringify(), conv_key)
+
+    seal = NostrEvent(
+        pubkey=_pubkey_from_privkey(sender_privkey),
+        created_at=_random_past_timestamp(),
+        kind=13,
+        tags=[],
+        content=encrypted_rumor,
+    )
+    return _sign_event(seal, sender_privkey)
+
+
+def create_gift_wrap(
+    seal: NostrEvent,
+    recipient_pubkey: str,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Create a kind 1059 gift wrap: encrypts the seal with an ephemeral key.
+    The only public metadata is the recipient's p-tag.
+    """
+    ephemeral_privkey = secrets.token_bytes(32).hex()
+    ephemeral_pubkey = _pubkey_from_privkey(ephemeral_privkey)
+
+    conv_key = get_conversation_key(ephemeral_privkey, recipient_pubkey)
+    encrypted_seal = nip44_encrypt(seal.stringify(), conv_key)
+
+    wrap = NostrEvent(
+        pubkey=ephemeral_pubkey,
+        created_at=_random_past_timestamp(),
+        kind=1059,
+        tags=[["p", recipient_pubkey]],
+        content=encrypted_seal,
+    )
+    return _sign_event(wrap, ephemeral_privkey)
+
+
+def unwrap_gift_wrap(
+    gift_wrap: NostrEvent,
+    recipient_privkey: str,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Decrypt a kind 1059 gift wrap to reveal the inner seal.
+    Uses the recipient's private key and the gift wrap's ephemeral pubkey.
+    """
+    conv_key = get_conversation_key(recipient_privkey, gift_wrap.pubkey)
+    seal_json = nip44_decrypt(gift_wrap.content, conv_key)
+    return NostrEvent(**json.loads(seal_json))
+
+
+def unseal(
+    seal: NostrEvent,
+    recipient_privkey: str,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Decrypt a kind 13 seal to reveal the inner rumor.
+    Uses the recipient's private key and the seal's pubkey (the sender).
+    Validates that the rumor's pubkey matches the seal's pubkey.
+    """
+    conv_key = get_conversation_key(recipient_privkey, seal.pubkey)
+    rumor_json = nip44_decrypt(seal.content, conv_key)
+    rumor = NostrEvent(**json.loads(rumor_json))
+
+    if rumor.pubkey != seal.pubkey:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"rumor pubkey ({rumor.pubkey}) does not match "
+            f"seal pubkey ({seal.pubkey})"
+        )
+    return rumor
+
+
+# --- Convenience functions ---
+
+
+def wrap_message(
+    content: str,
+    sender_privkey: str,
+    sender_pubkey: str,
+    recipient_pubkey: str,
+    kind: int = 14,
+    tags: Optional[list[list[str]]] = None,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Full wrap pipeline: create rumor -> seal -> gift wrap.
+    Returns the gift wrap event ready to publish.
+    """
+    rumor = create_rumor(sender_pubkey, content, kind=kind, tags=tags)
+    seal = create_seal(rumor, sender_privkey, recipient_pubkey)
+    return create_gift_wrap(seal, recipient_pubkey)
+
+
+def unwrap_message(
+    gift_wrap: NostrEvent,
+    recipient_privkey: str,
+) -> NostrEvent:
+    """
+    Full unwrap pipeline: gift wrap -> seal -> rumor.
+    Returns the rumor with sender pubkey and plaintext content.
+    """
+    seal = unwrap_gift_wrap(gift_wrap, recipient_privkey)
+    return unseal(seal, recipient_privkey)

nostr/nostr_client.py

@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 import asyncio
 import json
+import time
 from asyncio import Queue
+from collections import OrderedDict
 from threading import Thread
 from typing import Callable, List, Optional
 
@@ -12,6 +14,8 @@ from lnbits.helpers import encrypt_internal_message, urlsafe_short_hash
 
 from .event import NostrEvent
 
+MAX_SEEN_EVENTS = 1000
+
 
 class NostrClient:
     def __init__(self):
@@ -20,6 +24,8 @@ class NostrClient:
         self.ws: Optional[WebSocketApp] = None
         self.subscription_id = "nostrmarket-" + urlsafe_short_hash()[:32]
         self.running = False
+        self._seen_events: OrderedDict[str, None] = OrderedDict()
+        self.last_event_at: float = 0
 
     @property
     def is_websocket_connected(self):
@@ -64,11 +70,21 @@ class NostrClient:
                 logger.warning(ex)
                 await asyncio.sleep(60)
 
+    def is_duplicate_event(self, event_id: str) -> bool:
+        """Check if an event has been seen recently. Returns True if duplicate."""
+        if event_id in self._seen_events:
+            return True
+        self._seen_events[event_id] = None
+        if len(self._seen_events) > MAX_SEEN_EVENTS:
+            self._seen_events.popitem(last=False)
+        return False
+
     async def get_event(self):
         value = await self.recieve_event_queue.get()
         if isinstance(value, ValueError):
             logger.error(f"[NOSTRMARKET] ❌ Queue returned error: {value}")
             raise value
+        self.last_event_at = time.time()
         return value
 
     async def publish_nostr_event(self, e: NostrEvent):
@@ -134,13 +150,13 @@ class NostrClient:
             logger.debug(ex)
 
     def _filters_for_direct_messages(self, public_keys: List[str], since: int) -> List:
-        in_messages_filter = {"kinds": [4], "#p": public_keys}
+        # NIP-17/NIP-59: subscribe to kind 1059 gift wraps addressed to our merchants.
-        out_messages_filter = {"kinds": [4], "authors": public_keys}
+        # With gift wrapping, outgoing messages are self-wrapped (same p-tag filter).
+        gift_wrap_filter: dict = {"kinds": [1059], "#p": public_keys}
         if since and since != 0:
-            in_messages_filter["since"] = since
+            gift_wrap_filter["since"] = since
-            out_messages_filter["since"] = since
 
-        return [in_messages_filter, out_messages_filter]
+        return [gift_wrap_filter]
 
     def _filters_for_stall_events(self, public_keys: List[str], since: int) -> List:
         stall_filter = {"kinds": [30017], "authors": public_keys}

services.py

@@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ from .models import (
     Stall,
 )
 from .nostr.event import NostrEvent
+from .nostr.nip59 import unwrap_message, wrap_message
 
 
 async def create_new_order(
@@ -270,19 +271,34 @@ async def send_dm(
     other_pubkey: str,
     type_: int,
     dm_content: str,
-):
+) -> DirectMessage:
-    dm_event = merchant.build_dm_event(dm_content, other_pubkey)
+    # Wrap message to recipient via NIP-59 gift wrap
+    gift_wrap = wrap_message(
+        dm_content,
+        merchant.private_key,
+        merchant.public_key,
+        other_pubkey,
+    )
 
     dm = PartialDirectMessage(
-        event_id=dm_event.id,
+        event_id=gift_wrap.id,
-        event_created_at=dm_event.created_at,
+        event_created_at=gift_wrap.created_at,
         message=dm_content,
         public_key=other_pubkey,
         type=type_,
     )
     dm_reply = await create_direct_message(merchant.id, dm)
 
-    await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(dm_event)
+    await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(gift_wrap)
+
+    # Also wrap a copy to self for archival
+    self_wrap = wrap_message(
+        dm_content,
+        merchant.private_key,
+        merchant.public_key,
+        merchant.public_key,
+    )
+    await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(self_wrap)
 
     await websocket_updater(
         merchant.id,
@@ -295,6 +311,8 @@ async def send_dm(
         ),
     )
 
+    return dm_reply
+
 
 async def compute_products_new_quantity(
     merchant_id: str, product_ids: List[str], items: List[OrderItem]
@@ -332,11 +350,15 @@ async def process_nostr_message(msg: str):
                 return
             _, event = rest
             event = NostrEvent(**event)
-            
+
+            # Deduplicate events (overlap resubscriptions may deliver duplicates)
+            if nostr_client.is_duplicate_event(event.id):
+                return
+
             if event.kind == 0:
                 await _handle_customer_profile_update(event)
-            elif event.kind == 4:
+            elif event.kind == 1059:
-                await _handle_nip04_message(event)
+                await _handle_gift_wrap(event)
             elif event.kind == 30017:
                 await _handle_stall(event)
             elif event.kind == 30018:
@@ -430,30 +452,41 @@ async def extract_customer_order_from_dm(
     return order
 
 
-async def _handle_nip04_message(event: NostrEvent):
+async def _handle_gift_wrap(event: NostrEvent):
-    
+    """Handle an incoming kind 1059 gift wrap event (NIP-59/NIP-17)."""
+
     p_tags = event.tag_values("p")
-    
+    if not p_tags:
-    # PRIORITY 1: Check if any recipient (p_tag) is a merchant → incoming message TO merchant
+        logger.warning(f"[NOSTRMARKET] ⚠️ Gift wrap has no p-tag: {event.id}")
-    for p_tag in p_tags:
+        return
-        if p_tag:
+
-            potential_merchant = await get_merchant_by_pubkey(p_tag)
+    # The p-tag identifies the recipient of the gift wrap
-            if potential_merchant:
+    recipient_pubkey = p_tags[0]
-                clear_text_msg = potential_merchant.decrypt_message(event.content, event.pubkey)
+    merchant = await get_merchant_by_pubkey(recipient_pubkey)
-                await _handle_incoming_dms(event, potential_merchant, clear_text_msg)
+    if not merchant:
-                return  # IMPORTANT: Return immediately to prevent double processing
+        logger.warning(
-    
+            f"[NOSTRMARKET] ⚠️ No merchant found for gift wrap recipient: {recipient_pubkey}"
-    # PRIORITY 2: If no recipient merchant found, check if sender is a merchant → outgoing message FROM merchant
-    sender_merchant = await get_merchant_by_pubkey(event.pubkey)
-    if sender_merchant:
-        assert len(event.tag_values("p")) != 0, "Outgoing message has no 'p' tag"
-        clear_text_msg = sender_merchant.decrypt_message(
-            event.content, event.tag_values("p")[0]
         )
-        await _handle_outgoing_dms(event, sender_merchant, clear_text_msg)
+        return
-        return  # IMPORTANT: Return immediately
+
-    
+    try:
-    # No merchant found in either direction
+        rumor = unwrap_message(event, merchant.private_key)
+    except Exception as ex:
+        logger.error(f"[NOSTRMARKET] ❌ Failed to unwrap gift wrap {event.id}: {ex}")
+        return
+
+    sender_pubkey = rumor.pubkey
+
+    if sender_pubkey == merchant.public_key:
+        # This is a self-addressed wrap (outgoing message archive)
+        # Extract the actual recipient from the rumor's p-tags
+        rumor_p_tags = rumor.tag_values("p")
+        if rumor_p_tags:
+            await _handle_outgoing_dms(rumor, merchant, rumor.content)
+        return
+
+    # Incoming message from a customer
+    await _handle_incoming_dms(rumor, merchant, rumor.content)
 
 
 async def _handle_incoming_dms(
@@ -553,16 +586,21 @@ async def _persist_dm(
 async def reply_to_structured_dm(
     merchant: Merchant, customer_pubkey: str, dm_type: int, dm_reply: str
 ):
-    dm_event = merchant.build_dm_event(dm_reply, customer_pubkey)
+    gift_wrap = wrap_message(
+        dm_reply,
+        merchant.private_key,
+        merchant.public_key,
+        customer_pubkey,
+    )
     dm = PartialDirectMessage(
-        event_id=dm_event.id,
+        event_id=gift_wrap.id,
-        event_created_at=dm_event.created_at,
+        event_created_at=gift_wrap.created_at,
         message=dm_reply,
         public_key=customer_pubkey,
         type=dm_type,
     )
     await create_direct_message(merchant.id, dm)
-    await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(dm_event)
+    await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(gift_wrap)
 
     await websocket_updater(
         merchant.id,

tasks.py

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 import asyncio
+import time
 from asyncio import Queue
 
 from lnbits.core.models import Payment
@@ -9,9 +10,13 @@ from .nostr.nostr_client import NostrClient
 from .services import (
     handle_order_paid,
     process_nostr_message,
+    resubscribe_to_all_merchants,
     subscribe_to_all_merchants,
 )
 
+HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL = 30  # seconds between health checks
+STALE_THRESHOLD = 120  # seconds without events before resubscribing
+
 
 async def wait_for_paid_invoices():
     invoice_queue = Queue()
@@ -35,17 +40,38 @@ async def on_invoice_paid(payment: Payment) -> None:
 
 
 async def wait_for_nostr_events(nostr_client: NostrClient):
-    logger.info("[NOSTRMARKET DEBUG] Starting wait_for_nostr_events task")
+    logger.info("[NOSTRMARKET] Starting wait_for_nostr_events task")
     while True:
         try:
-            logger.info("[NOSTRMARKET DEBUG] Subscribing to all merchants...")
+            logger.info("[NOSTRMARKET] Subscribing to all merchants...")
             await subscribe_to_all_merchants()
 
             while True:
-                logger.debug("[NOSTRMARKET DEBUG] Waiting for nostr event...")
                 message = await nostr_client.get_event()
-                logger.info(f"[NOSTRMARKET DEBUG] Received event from nostr_client: {message[:100]}...")
                 await process_nostr_message(message)
         except Exception as e:
-            logger.warning(f"[NOSTRMARKET DEBUG] Subscription failed. Will retry in 10 seconds: {e}")
+            logger.warning(f"[NOSTRMARKET] Subscription failed. Retrying in 10s: {e}")
             await asyncio.sleep(10)
+
+
+async def subscription_health_monitor(nostr_client: NostrClient):
+    """
+    Periodically check if events are flowing. If no events have been
+    received for STALE_THRESHOLD seconds, force a resubscription with
+    overlap to catch any missed events.
+    """
+    logger.info("[NOSTRMARKET] Starting subscription health monitor")
+    while True:
+        await asyncio.sleep(HEALTH_CHECK_INTERVAL)
+        try:
+            if not nostr_client.is_websocket_connected:
+                continue
+
+            elapsed = time.time() - nostr_client.last_event_at
+            if nostr_client.last_event_at > 0 and elapsed > STALE_THRESHOLD:
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"[NOSTRMARKET] ⚠️ No events for {elapsed:.0f}s, resubscribing..."
+                )
+                await resubscribe_to_all_merchants()
+        except Exception as e:
+            logger.error(f"[NOSTRMARKET] Health monitor error: {e}")

tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+"""
+Stub out the nostrmarket root package and all LNbits dependencies so that
+nostr/* unit tests can run without the full LNbits environment.
+
+pytest walks up from tests/ and tries to import the parent __init__.py,
+which pulls in fastapi, lnbits, websocket, etc. We preemptively register
+the parent package as a simple module so that import never happens.
+"""
+
+import sys
+import types
+from pathlib import Path
+
+# Register 'nostrmarket' as an already-imported namespace package
+# pointing at the extension root, so pytest doesn't try to exec __init__.py
+_ext_root = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent
+_pkg = types.ModuleType("nostrmarket")
+_pkg.__path__ = [str(_ext_root)]
+_pkg.__package__ = "nostrmarket"
+sys.modules["nostrmarket"] = _pkg
+
+# Also ensure the nostr subpackage is importable
+_nostr_dir = _ext_root / "nostr"
+_nostr_pkg = types.ModuleType("nostrmarket.nostr")
+_nostr_pkg.__path__ = [str(_nostr_dir)]
+_nostr_pkg.__package__ = "nostrmarket.nostr"
+sys.modules["nostrmarket.nostr"] = _nostr_pkg

tests/test_nip44.py

@@ -0,0 +1,139 @@
+"""Tests for NIP-44 v2 encryption against official spec test vectors."""
+
+import coincurve
+import pytest
+
+from nostr.nip44 import (
+    calc_padded_len,
+    decrypt,
+    encrypt,
+    get_conversation_key,
+    get_message_keys,
+)
+
+
+def pubkey_from_secret(secret_hex: str) -> str:
+    """Derive x-only public key hex from secret key hex."""
+    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey(bytes.fromhex(secret_hex))
+    return sk.public_key.format(compressed=True)[1:].hex()
+
+
+# --- Test vector from NIP-44 spec ---
+
+SPEC_VECTOR = {
+    "sec1": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "sec2": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000002",
+    "conversation_key": "c41c775356fd92eadc63ff5a0dc1da211b268cbea22316767095b2871ea1412d",
+    "nonce": "0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001",
+    "plaintext": "a",
+    "payload": "AgAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAABee0G5VSK0/9YypIObAtDKfYEAjD35uVkHyB0F4DwrcNaCXlCWZKaArsGrY6M9wnuTMxWfp1RTN9Xga8no+kF5Vsb",
+}
+
+
+class TestConversationKey:
+    def test_spec_vector(self):
+        pub2 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"])
+        key = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"], pub2)
+        assert key.hex() == SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"]
+
+    def test_symmetric(self):
+        """conv(a, B) == conv(b, A)"""
+        pub1 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"])
+        pub2 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"])
+        key_ab = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"], pub2)
+        key_ba = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"], pub1)
+        assert key_ab == key_ba
+
+
+class TestMessageKeys:
+    def test_returns_correct_lengths(self):
+        conv_key = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"])
+        nonce = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["nonce"])
+        chacha_key, chacha_nonce, hmac_key = get_message_keys(conv_key, nonce)
+        assert len(chacha_key) == 32
+        assert len(chacha_nonce) == 12
+        assert len(hmac_key) == 32
+
+    def test_rejects_bad_key_length(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            get_message_keys(b"\x00" * 16, b"\x00" * 32)
+
+    def test_rejects_bad_nonce_length(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            get_message_keys(b"\x00" * 32, b"\x00" * 16)
+
+
+class TestPadding:
+    @pytest.mark.parametrize(
+        "unpadded,expected",
+        [
+            (1, 32),
+            (2, 32),
+            (31, 32),
+            (32, 32),
+            (33, 64),
+            (64, 64),
+            (65, 96),
+            (256, 256),
+            (257, 320),
+            (1024, 1024),
+            (65535, 65536),
+        ],
+    )
+    def test_calc_padded_len(self, unpadded, expected):
+        assert calc_padded_len(unpadded) == expected
+
+    def test_rejects_zero(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            calc_padded_len(0)
+
+
+class TestEncryptDecrypt:
+    def test_spec_vector(self):
+        conv_key = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"])
+        nonce = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["nonce"])
+        payload = encrypt(SPEC_VECTOR["plaintext"], conv_key, nonce)
+        assert payload == SPEC_VECTOR["payload"]
+
+    def test_spec_vector_decrypt(self):
+        conv_key = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"])
+        plaintext = decrypt(SPEC_VECTOR["payload"], conv_key)
+        assert plaintext == SPEC_VECTOR["plaintext"]
+
+    def test_round_trip_short(self):
+        pub2 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"])
+        conv_key = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"], pub2)
+        msg = "x"
+        assert decrypt(encrypt(msg, conv_key), conv_key) == msg
+
+    def test_round_trip_long(self):
+        pub2 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"])
+        conv_key = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"], pub2)
+        msg = "A" * 65535
+        assert decrypt(encrypt(msg, conv_key), conv_key) == msg
+
+    def test_round_trip_unicode(self):
+        pub2 = pubkey_from_secret(SPEC_VECTOR["sec2"])
+        conv_key = get_conversation_key(SPEC_VECTOR["sec1"], pub2)
+        msg = "hello world! \U0001f680\U0001f30e\U0001f4ac"
+        assert decrypt(encrypt(msg, conv_key), conv_key) == msg
+
+    def test_tampered_mac_rejected(self):
+        conv_key = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"])
+        payload = SPEC_VECTOR["payload"]
+        tampered = payload[:-1] + ("a" if payload[-1] != "a" else "b")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid MAC"):
+            decrypt(tampered, conv_key)
+
+    def test_empty_plaintext_rejected(self):
+        conv_key = bytes.fromhex(SPEC_VECTOR["conversation_key"])
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid plaintext length"):
+            encrypt("", conv_key)
+
+    def test_unknown_version_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="unknown version"):
+            decrypt("#invalid", bytes(32))
+
+    def test_short_payload_rejected(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="invalid payload size"):
+            decrypt("AAAA", bytes(32))

tests/test_nip59.py

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+"""Tests for NIP-59 gift wrap protocol."""
+
+import json
+import time
+
+import coincurve
+import pytest
+
+from nostr.nip59 import (
+    create_gift_wrap,
+    create_rumor,
+    create_seal,
+    unseal,
+    unwrap_gift_wrap,
+    unwrap_message,
+    wrap_message,
+)
+
+
+def _generate_keypair() -> tuple[str, str]:
+    """Generate a (privkey_hex, pubkey_hex) pair."""
+    sk = coincurve.PrivateKey()
+    privkey = sk.secret.hex()
+    pubkey = sk.public_key.format(compressed=True)[1:].hex()
+    return privkey, pubkey
+
+
+SENDER_PRIV, SENDER_PUB = _generate_keypair()
+RECIPIENT_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB = _generate_keypair()
+
+
+class TestCreateRumor:
+    def test_has_id_but_no_sig(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello", kind=14)
+        assert rumor.id != ""
+        assert rumor.sig is None
+
+    def test_kind_and_content(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "test message", kind=14, tags=[["p", RECIPIENT_PUB]])
+        assert rumor.kind == 14
+        assert rumor.content == "test message"
+        assert rumor.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+        assert ["p", RECIPIENT_PUB] in rumor.tags
+
+    def test_custom_timestamp(self):
+        ts = 1700000000
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello", created_at=ts)
+        assert rumor.created_at == ts
+
+
+class TestCreateSeal:
+    def test_kind_13_with_empty_tags(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        assert seal.kind == 13
+        assert seal.tags == []
+        assert seal.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+
+    def test_is_signed(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        assert seal.sig is not None
+        assert len(seal.sig) == 128  # 64 bytes hex
+
+    def test_content_is_encrypted(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        # Content should be base64 NIP-44 payload, not plaintext JSON
+        assert "hello" not in seal.content
+
+    def test_timestamp_is_randomized(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        now = int(time.time())
+        # Seal timestamp should be in the past (up to 2 days)
+        assert seal.created_at <= now
+        assert seal.created_at >= now - (2 * 24 * 60 * 60 + 10)
+
+
+class TestCreateGiftWrap:
+    def test_kind_1059_with_p_tag(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        assert wrap.kind == 1059
+        assert ["p", RECIPIENT_PUB] in wrap.tags
+
+    def test_uses_ephemeral_key(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        # Gift wrap pubkey should be neither sender nor recipient
+        assert wrap.pubkey != SENDER_PUB
+        assert wrap.pubkey != RECIPIENT_PUB
+
+    def test_different_wraps_have_different_ephemeral_keys(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap1 = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap2 = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        assert wrap1.pubkey != wrap2.pubkey
+
+
+class TestUnwrap:
+    def test_unwrap_gift_wrap_returns_seal(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+
+        recovered_seal = unwrap_gift_wrap(wrap, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        assert recovered_seal.kind == 13
+        assert recovered_seal.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+
+    def test_unseal_returns_rumor(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "hello world")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+
+        recovered_rumor = unseal(seal, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        assert recovered_rumor.content == "hello world"
+        assert recovered_rumor.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+        assert recovered_rumor.kind == 14
+
+    def test_wrong_key_fails(self):
+        rumor = create_rumor(SENDER_PUB, "secret")
+        seal = create_seal(rumor, SENDER_PRIV, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        wrap = create_gift_wrap(seal, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+
+        wrong_priv, _ = _generate_keypair()
+        with pytest.raises(Exception):
+            unwrap_message(wrap, wrong_priv)
+
+
+class TestFullRoundTrip:
+    def test_wrap_unwrap_message(self):
+        content = "Are you going to the party tonight?"
+        wrap = wrap_message(content, SENDER_PRIV, SENDER_PUB, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+
+        assert wrap.kind == 1059
+        assert ["p", RECIPIENT_PUB] in wrap.tags
+
+        rumor = unwrap_message(wrap, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        assert rumor.content == content
+        assert rumor.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+        assert rumor.kind == 14
+        assert rumor.sig is None
+
+    def test_wrap_with_custom_kind_and_tags(self):
+        tags = [["p", RECIPIENT_PUB], ["subject", "test"]]
+        wrap = wrap_message(
+            "order data",
+            SENDER_PRIV,
+            SENDER_PUB,
+            RECIPIENT_PUB,
+            kind=14,
+            tags=tags,
+        )
+
+        rumor = unwrap_message(wrap, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        assert rumor.content == "order data"
+        assert rumor.kind == 14
+        assert ["subject", "test"] in rumor.tags
+
+    def test_self_wrap_for_archival(self):
+        """Merchant wraps a copy to self (same sender and recipient)."""
+        content = '{"type": 1, "payment_options": [{"type": "ln", "link": "lnbc..."}]}'
+        wrap = wrap_message(content, SENDER_PRIV, SENDER_PUB, SENDER_PUB)
+
+        rumor = unwrap_message(wrap, SENDER_PRIV)
+        assert rumor.content == content
+        assert rumor.pubkey == SENDER_PUB
+
+    def test_json_content_preserved(self):
+        """Order JSON payloads survive the wrap/unwrap cycle."""
+        order = {
+            "type": 0,
+            "id": "test-order-123",
+            "items": [{"product_id": "abc", "quantity": 2}],
+            "shipping_id": "zone-1",
+        }
+        content = json.dumps(order)
+        wrap = wrap_message(content, SENDER_PRIV, SENDER_PUB, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+
+        rumor = unwrap_message(wrap, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        recovered_order = json.loads(rumor.content)
+        assert recovered_order == order
+
+    def test_unicode_content(self):
+        content = "Payment received! \u2705 Your order is being processed \U0001f4e6"
+        wrap = wrap_message(content, SENDER_PRIV, SENDER_PUB, RECIPIENT_PUB)
+        rumor = unwrap_message(wrap, RECIPIENT_PRIV)
+        assert rumor.content == content

views_api.py

@@ -84,6 +84,7 @@ from .services import (
     create_or_update_order_from_dm,
     reply_to_structured_dm,
     resubscribe_to_all_merchants,
+    send_dm,
     sign_and_send_to_nostr,
     subscribe_to_all_merchants,
     update_merchant_to_nostr,
@@ -881,27 +882,11 @@ async def api_update_order_status(
             ensure_ascii=False,
         )
 
-        dm_event = merchant.build_dm_event(dm_content, order.public_key)
+        await send_dm(
-
+            merchant,
-        dm = PartialDirectMessage(
+            order.public_key,
-            event_id=dm_event.id,
+            DirectMessageType.ORDER_PAID_OR_SHIPPED.value,
-            event_created_at=dm_event.created_at,
+            dm_content,
-            message=dm_content,
-            public_key=order.public_key,
-            type=DirectMessageType.ORDER_PAID_OR_SHIPPED.value,
-        )
-        await create_direct_message(merchant.id, dm)
-
-        await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(dm_event)
-        await websocket_updater(
-            merchant.id,
-            json.dumps(
-                {
-                    "type": f"dm:{dm.type}",
-                    "customerPubkey": order.public_key,
-                    "dm": dm.dict(),
-                }
-            ),
         )
 
         return order
@@ -1079,14 +1064,13 @@ async def api_create_message(
         merchant = await get_merchant_for_user(wallet.wallet.user)
         assert merchant, "Merchant cannot be found"
 
-        dm_event = merchant.build_dm_event(data.message, data.public_key)
+        dm_reply = await send_dm(
-        data.event_id = dm_event.id
+            merchant,
-        data.event_created_at = dm_event.created_at
+            data.public_key,
-
+            data.type,
-        dm = await create_direct_message(merchant.id, data)
+            data.message,
-        await nostr_client.publish_nostr_event(dm_event)
+        )
-
+        return dm_reply
-        return dm
     except AssertionError as ex:
         raise HTTPException(
             status_code=HTTPStatus.BAD_REQUEST,